21/06/2026
| | | & | Complete
This unit explains the fundamental chemical substances acids, bases, and salts, their properties, reactions, and importance in daily life.
🔴 Acids
Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution. They usually have a sour taste, turn blue litmus red, and react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
Examples: HCl (Hydrochloric acid), H₂SO₄ (Sulphuric acid), CH₃COOH (Acetic acid)
Key properties:
pH less than 7
Corrosive in nature
Conduct electricity in solution
🔵 Bases
Bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water. They have a bitter taste, feel soapy, and turn red litmus blue.
Examples: NaOH (Sodium hydroxide), KOH (Potassium hydroxide), Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium hydroxide)
Key properties:
pH greater than 7
Slippery texture
Neutralize acids
⚪ Salts
Salts are formed when an acid reacts with a base in a neutralization reaction. They are ionic compounds made of positive and negative ions.
Example reaction:
+ → +
Examples: NaCl (Sodium chloride), K₂SO₄ (Potassium sulfate)
Types of salts:
Normal salt
Acidic salt
Basic salt
Double salt
Complex salt
⚗️ Important Reactions
Acid + → Salt + gas
Acid + Base → Salt + Water (Neutralization)
Acid + Metal carbonate → Salt + CO₂ + Water
🌍 Importance in Daily Life
Acids in ( , )
Bases in agents ( , )
Salts in , , and
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