17/08/2026
MCE Insights | Makkah Joint Defence Agreement: Pakistan's Pivot from Dependence to Deterrence
Javaria Shaikh | Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC)
Key Takeaways:
1- The Makkah Agreement signals a shift from reliance on a single external security guarantor toward diversified regional security partnerships.
2- Pakistan’s credible military capabilities and conventional deterrence strengthens its position as a key military pillar of the trilateral arrangement.
3- Its real impact will depend on interoperability, joint mechanisms, and a credible command structure capable of translating political solidarity into effective collective defence.
Read More: https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/columns/military-and-security/makkah-joint-defence-agreement-pakistan-s-pivot-from-dependence-to-deterrence/