American Language Center

Geo TV

Today's Idioms:

1) Put up or shut up :::: Karo ya phr chup hojao
2) Be fit as a fiddle :::: Sehat theek hona
3) Beat around the bush :::: Idhar udhar ki haankna
4) Burn the midnight oil :::: Dair raat tak kam karna
5) Hit the sack :::: Sonay jana
6) Play gooseberry :::: Kabab me haddi banna
7) Add insult to injury :::: Jalay per namak chirakna
8) Be all ears :::: Hama'tan gosh hona / Ghaur se baat sunna
9) Play hooky :::: Tulla maarna / Bina bataye chuthi karna
10) Under the weather :::: Bimaar hona / Mosam k zair-e-asar hona

Like a burning candle
teachers light the mind
enriching the lives and futures
by the sharing of their time.
Happy Birthday My Dear Teacher.

(1st may is the birthday of Sir Shakir, kindly Add your wishes)

Silence is a Noun
Complete absence of sound.
Verb
Cause to become silent; prohibit or prevent from speaking.
Synonyms
noun. hush - quiet - still - quietness - calm - stillness
verb. hush - shush - shut up

1-[UNCOUNTABLE] complete quiet
The owl's cry cut through the silence in the forest.
The silence was broken by the soft sound of rain.
When I answered the phone there was dead silence (=no sound at all).

2-[SINGULAR/UNCOUNTABLE] the refusal to talk about something or to provide information
She maintained an angry silence.
silence on: Her silence on the subject has been interpreted as a sign of guilt.

3-[SINGULAR/UNCOUNTABLE] a complete lack of communication with someone by letter, telephone, or other means
A letter finally arrived from Lee, ending his long silence.

PHRASE

break your silence
to talk about something that you refused to talk about before
The former Minister has decided to break her silence about the scandal.

Silent is an adjective
Adjective
Not making or accompanied by any sound.
(of a person) Not speaking.

1-a silent person or group of people does not talk, laugh, or make any noise
Everyone was totally silent as the president spoke.
a crowd of silent onlookers

A-used about a person who does not usually talk to other people very much
Fathers were expected to be strong and silent.
a silent woman

B-refusing to provide information or to talk about something
If you are arrested, you have the right to remain silent (=you do not have to give information to the police).
silent on: For the time being, I prefer to stay silent on the matter.
silent about: Everyone was asked to keep silent about the new project.

c-a silent action or activity is done without talking or making any sounds
silent reading
He said a silent prayer.

2-a silent place is very quiet
We hiked through a silent pine forest.
The house was silent except for the hum of the refrigerator.

3-if something such as a disease or problem is silent, there no noticeable signs that it exists
High blood pressure is a silent killer.
a silent infection

4-a silent letter is a letter in a word that has no sound when you say the word but that must be used when the word is spelled or written
The 'h' in 'herb' is silent in American English.

PHRASES

fall silent
1-to stop talking or making a noise
'I've said enough' he mumbled, and fell silent.

2-if guns fall silent, they stop firing
A ceasefire was agreed to and the guns fell silent.

the silent treatment
behaviour that involves not speaking to someone as a way of showing that you do not approve of them
She's been giving me the silent treatment all day.

Difference:Noun
1-A point or way in which people or things are not the same.
2-The state or condition of being dissimilar or unlike.

1-[COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE] something that makes one thing or person not the same as another thing or person
cultural/social/political differences
difference between: What's the difference between these two computers?
difference in: There's a big difference in the attitudes of town and country people.
slight/subtle/minor differences: There are subtle differences in their arrangement of the music.
significant/marked/major difference: the significant difference in sound quality between CDs and records
crucial/essential/fundamental difference: The fundamental difference between John and Jake is their attitudes to money.

2-[COUNTABLE] [USUALLY SINGULAR] the amount by which one thing is different from another thing
The same car costs £500 less here, which is quite a difference!
difference of: The winner received 2365 votes, and the runner-up 2348 – a difference of only 17 votes.
age/price/temperature difference: Despite this age difference, they fell in love.
There's a world of difference between liking someone and wanting to marry them.

3-differences [PLURAL] disagreements about something
trying to smooth out differences between them
have your differences: Joe and I have had our differences, but we work well together.
resolve/settle your differences: The two parties agreed to settle their differences.
irreconcilable differences (=disagreements that cannot be settled): Journalists were told the talks had broken down because of irreconcilable differences.

PHRASES

make a difference
1-to have an important effect on something, especially a good effect
make a difference to: This scheme will certainly make a difference to the way I do my job.

2-something that makes a lot of difference has a good effect on a person or situation
make a big/a great deal of/a lot of difference: The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a big difference.
make all the difference (to someone): Having someone to talk to made all the difference to my mother.
Thesaurus entry for this meaning of difference
make no/little difference
to not be important, or to not have any effect
Anybody can enjoy yoga, and your age makes absolutely no difference.
make no/little difference to: The news made little difference to his plans.

tell/see the difference

1-to notice what is different between similar people or things
tell/see the difference between: How do you tell the difference between the kittens?

2-to notice what has changed about someone or something
She said she'd had her hair cut, but I couldn't tell the difference.
Thesaurus entry for this meaning of difference
with a difference
used for saying that something is more interesting or unusual than other similar things
It was a wedding with a difference – the bride wore black.

Get It Right!: difference
Get it right: difference
When you are talking about a way in which two people or things are different, use the pattern a difference in something (not 'difference of' or 'difference about'):
✗ There is a big difference of grammar between Japanese and English.
✓ There is a big difference in grammar between Japanese and English.
✗ There are major differences about language and customs in various areas in Korea.
✓ There are major differences in language and customs in various areas in Korea.
You can use difference of with a number or percentage, when you are talking about the amount by which two things are different:
He secured 50.7 per cent of the vote against 49.3 per cent (a difference of 227 votes).
Difference of is also used in the phrase difference of opinion which means 'a disagreement':
On this issue there is a major difference of opinion between the British government and most business leaders.
Don't use the expression make a difference to mean 'recognize that two things are different'. Use make/draw a distinction:
✗ Children cannot always make the difference between fiction and reality.
✓ Children cannot always make the distinction between fiction and reality.
The expression make a difference (to) means to have an effect on someone or something, often a positive effect:
Changes to the age of retirement make a difference to the amount of savings people need.

Infinitive or -ing?

Sometimes we need to decide whether to use a verb in its:

-ing form (doing, singing)

or

infinitive form (to do, to sing).
For example, only one of the following sentences is correct. Which one?

I dislike working late. (???)
I dislike to work late. (???)
When to use the infinitive

The infinitive form is used after certain verbs:
- forget, help, learn, teach, train
- choose, expect, hope, need, offer, want, would like
- agree, encourage, pretend, promise
- allow, can/can't afford, decide, manage, mean, refuse

I forgot to close the window.
Mary needs to leave early.
Why are they encouraged to learn English?
We can't afford to take a long holiday.
The infinitive form is always used after adjectives, for example:
- disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sad, surprised

I was happy to help them.
She will be delighted to see you.
This includes too + adjective:

The water was too cold to swim in.
Is your coffee too hot to drink?
The infinitive form is used after adjective + enough:

He was strong enough to lift it.
She is rich enough to buy two.
When to use -ing

The -ing form is used when the word is the subject of a sentence or clause:

Swimming is good exercise.
Doctors say that smoking is bad for you.
The -ing form is used after a preposition:

I look forward to meeting you.
They left without saying "Goodbye."
The -ing form is used after certain verbs:
- avoid, dislike, enjoy, finish, give up, mind/not mind, practise

I dislike getting up early.
Would you mind opening the window?
Some verbs can be followed by the -ing form or the infinitive without a big change in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start.
It started to rain.
It started raining.
I like to play tennis.
I like playing tennis.

What is the infinitive?

The infinitive of a verb is its basic form with or without the particle to:

Examples:

'do' or 'to do'
'be' or 'to be'
The infinitive without to is called bare infinitive ('do', 'be')

The infinitive with to is called full infinitive ('to do', 'to be')

The bare infinitive

The bare infinitive is used as the main verb after the dummy auxiliary verb do, or most modal auxiliary verbs (such as will, can, or should..)
Examples:
I do know him
I do like you.
I can do it .
Several common verbs of perception, including see, watch, hear, feel, and sense take a direct object and a bare infinitive.
Examples:
I saw it happen
I watched it happen
The bare infinitive is also used with several common verbs of permission or causation, including make, bid, let, and have.
Example:
I made/bade/let/had him do it.
(However, make takes a to-infinitive in the passive voice.
I was made to do it.
The bare infinitive is also used after had better.
Example:
You had better leave now
The verb help is followed by the bare infinitive.
Example:
He helped them do it. ("He helped them to do" it is also possible)
With the word why.
Example:
Why say it?
The full infinitive

The full infinitive is used as follows:

The full infinitive can function as a noun phrase. In this case it is used as follows.
as a subject.
Examples:
To err is human, to forgive is divine.
as an object.
Examples:
I intended to marry her.
He wanted to know the whole truth.
It can also be used like an adjective or adverb.
Examples:
This is the game to watch. (to watch functions as an adjective, modifying the noun game)
This is the problem to think about. (to think about functions as an adjective modifying the noun 'the problem')
He went to his friend's house to study. (to study functions as an adverb answering the question why he went to his friend's house)
He is ready to go. (to go functions as an adverb, modifying the adjective 'ready'.)
It is used to mean "in order to" to express purpose
Examples:
You need to exercise regularly to lose weight. (...in order to lose weight)
He works hard to earn a lot of money. (...in order to earn a lot of money)

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