Biology Preparation notes

I got 356 reactions on my recent top post! Thank you all for your continued support. I could not have done it without you. 🙏🤗🎉

Animal cell study notes

🎉 Facebook recognised me as a top rising creator this week!

Gametogenis

🎉 Facebook recognised me as a top rising creator this week!

Animal cell study notes

The Secret Behind Every Green Leaf — The Nitrogen Cycle! 💨
From air to soil to plants 🌱… and back again 🔁
Learn how nature keeps life alive!

Hypothalamus – The Master Regulator of the Body! ⚡
It controls hunger, thirst, temperature, sleep, and emotions — your body’s built-in control center!

Your body’s food factory! 🧠🍲
The stomach breaks down food into energy with the help of gastric juices & enzymes 💪
Learn how this muscular bag keeps your digestion strong and steady!"

"Embryo Development – The beautiful journey from a single cell to a complete organism! 🧬💖 Learn its stages, importance, and biological significance. "

"Nephron – The functional unit of the kidney! 💧🧠 Learn how it filters blood, removes waste, and maintains water balance in our body. "

🌹______________𝐄𝐧𝐳𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐬______________🌹
𝙴𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜 are protein 𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚊𝚕𝚢𝚜𝚝𝚜 that 𝚊𝚛𝚎 essential for 𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗, speeding 𝚞𝚙 the 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗 of large food 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚎𝚜 (𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚑𝚢𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚜, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚗𝚜, and fats) into 𝚜𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚛, 𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚋𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎 units. 𝙳𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚎𝚍 in the 𝚖𝚘𝚞𝚝𝚑, 𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚑, small 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚎, and 𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜, facilitate this 𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕 process, called 𝚑𝚢𝚍𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚢𝚜𝚒𝚜, 𝚎𝚗𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚐 the 𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚙𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 of 𝚗𝚞𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚔𝚎 𝚐𝚕𝚞𝚌𝚘𝚜𝚎, amino 𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚜, and fatty 𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚜 for 𝚎𝚗𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚢, 𝚐𝚛𝚘𝚠𝚝𝚑, and 𝚛𝚎𝚙𝚊𝚒𝚛. 𝙳𝚒𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚎𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜, such as 𝚊𝚖𝚢𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚎 for 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚑𝚢𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚜, 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚜 for 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚗𝚜, and 𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚜 for 𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚜, are 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌 to the 𝚝𝚢𝚙𝚎𝚜 of 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚢 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔 𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗.

🎴___𝐇𝐨𝐰 𝐄𝐧𝐳𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐖𝐨𝐫𝐤 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧___🎴
🟢 𝗖𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗼𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀: 𝙴𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜 are 𝚋𝚒𝚘𝚕𝚘𝚐𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕 catalysts that 𝚊𝚌𝚌𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎 chemical 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜 without 𝚋𝚎𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚍 in the process. 𝚃𝚑𝚎𝚢 achieve 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 by 𝚋𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 to 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌 food 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚎𝚜, causing 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚖𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕 bonds 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚗 them to 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚝𝚌𝚑 and making 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚖 easier to 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔 𝚋𝚢 adding 𝚠𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛 (hydrolysis).
🟣 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆: 𝙴𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜 are highly 𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌; for 𝚎𝚡𝚊𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎, amylase 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚜 down 𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚛𝚌𝚑 (a 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚑𝚢𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎) into 𝚜𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚛 sugars.
🐦 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗗𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗰𝗿𝗼𝗺𝗼𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗲𝘀: 𝙴𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜 convert 𝚕𝚊𝚛𝚐𝚎, complex 𝚏𝚘𝚘𝚍 molecules 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘 smaller, 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎𝚛 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜:
☢️ 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗼𝗵𝘆𝗱𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀: are 𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚔𝚎𝚗 into 𝚜𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚎 𝚜𝚞𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚜.
⚫ 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻𝘀: are 𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚔𝚎𝚗 into 𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚘 acids.
Fats (lipids): are broken 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘 fatty 𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚜 and 𝚐𝚕𝚢𝚌𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚕.

🍀___𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐳𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐬___🍀
🔴 𝗔𝗺𝘆𝗹𝗮𝘀𝗲: 𝙵𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 in saliva 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚛𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚍 by the 𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜, it starts 𝚝𝚑𝚎 breakdown of 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚑𝚢𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚜.
🔵 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲 (𝗲.𝗴., 𝗣𝗲𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗻, 𝗧𝗿𝘆𝗽𝘀𝗶𝗻): 𝙿𝚎𝚙𝚜𝚒𝚗 in the 𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚌𝚑 and 𝚝𝚛𝚢𝚙𝚜𝚒𝚗 in the 𝚜𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚕 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚎 break 𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗 proteins 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚘 amino 𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚜.
⚫ 𝗟𝗶𝗽𝗮𝘀𝗲: 𝙵𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 in the 𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜 and 𝚘𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛 𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜, it 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚜 down 𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚜 into fatty 𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚜 and 𝚐𝚕𝚢𝚌𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚕.

🌀______𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐬______🌀
🔴 𝗠𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵: 𝚂𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚟𝚊, 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚊𝚖𝚢𝚕𝚊𝚜𝚎 and 𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚕 𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚎, 𝚋𝚎𝚐𝚒𝚗𝚜 the 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚍𝚘𝚠𝚗 of 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚑𝚢𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚜 and 𝚏𝚊𝚝𝚜.
🟢 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗰𝗵: The 𝚊𝚌𝚒𝚍𝚒𝚌 𝚎𝚗𝚟𝚒𝚛𝚘𝚗𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚙𝚜𝚒𝚗, a 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚎 that 𝚋𝚎𝚐𝚒𝚗𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚒𝚗 𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗.
🟣 𝗦𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗲: 𝚃𝚑𝚒𝚜 is the 𝚙𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚛𝚢 site for 𝚖𝚘𝚜𝚝 𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 and 𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚙𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗. The 𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜 releases a wide 𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚎 of 𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚎 enzymes, 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 proteases, 𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚜, and 𝚎𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜 to break down 𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚌𝚊𝚛𝚋𝚘𝚑𝚢𝚍𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚜. The 𝚎𝚗𝚣𝚢𝚖𝚎𝚜 in the 𝚜𝚖𝚊𝚕𝚕 intestine 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔 food 𝚖𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚎𝚜 into 𝚊𝚋𝚜𝚘𝚛𝚋𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝚞𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚜 that 𝚙𝚊𝚜𝚜 into the 𝚋𝚕𝚘𝚘𝚍𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚖.

𝗗𝗼𝗻'𝘁 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗙𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 ❣️

Learning Forum