Electrical engineering concepts

SEPCO Junior Engineer Questions Test held on Sunday 16 Nov, 2025 conducted by iba sts


-who is current foreign minister of pakistan? Muhammad Ishaq Dar
-Recent Field Marshal? Asim Muneer
-The Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations in New York is Ambassador Asim Iftikhar Ahmad
-current president as of october? Asif Ali Zardari
-Rafael made by which country? France (Manufactured by Dassault Aviation).
-which is a latin American country? Peru
-Strait of hormuz is between? Iran and the Sultanate of Oman.
-Bunyanum marsoos against Indian aggression
-Tokyo is the capital of which country? Japan
-China currency? Yuan (The currency is formally known as the Renminbi, or RMB).
- 26th amendment about what? The Integration of FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas) into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).
-Basic democracy in which era? Ayub Khan
-NFC awards? Distribution of financial resources between the Federal and Provincial governments.
-First census? 1951
-The flipflop the next input is? The D Flip-flop (Its next output state is equal to its input state).
-IGBT and BJT is current or voltage? Both switch Current, but the BJT is Current-Controlled while the IGBT is Voltage-Controlled.
-TRIAC is positive or negative or both? Both (A TRIAC is a bidirectional switch).
-High inductance can be measured with Hay or Maxell? The Hay Bridge (Best for high inductance/high-Q coils).
-Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical question on their order Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical.
-in data transmission bps( bits per second) refers to speed, then which one of the following is not Mbps, Gbps, Tbps,Hbps? Hbps (It is not a standard unit of data rate).
-Theologist differ that these have no relation religions ?a Relegion is related to morality b) morality is related to relegion c) Relegion and morality has noconnection
Morality is related to religion (Traditional view: Divine command is the source of morality).
-Not relegion but what is common in jews and islam? a golden rule b individual rights etc. The Golden Rule (The core ethical principle of treating others as you would wish to be treated).
-World 3rd biggest religion? Hinduism
-Which relegion come in 1500BC? Hinduism
- First and 2nd largest religiuos minorities in Pakistan? 1st: Hinduism; 2nd: Christianity.
-China muslim biggest population bin which city Xinjiang,wuhan, etc? The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Home to the Uygur ethnic group).
-what is virtual reality? A artificially-generated simulation that replaces the user's real world with a fully immersive, interactive digital environment.
-which one is not part of ms word page setup group Margins, Orientation, Size, wrap text? Wrap Text
- Going to a Place which considered sacred religiously ? a discipleb) parable c) hike and d) pligrimage

Assistant Engineer Electrical (E&M) conducted by FPSC ate 21-09-2025


1. In electric motor electric energy is converted into→ Mechanical energy
2. Bandwidth in FM is→ 150 kHz
3. Bandwidth in AM is → 3 kHz
4. Voltage regulation of capacitive load is → Negative
5. Tachometer is used to measure→ Speed (RPM)/angular velocity
6. Voltmeter is used to measure→ Voltage
7. Multimeter is used to measure→ Voltage, Current, Resistance
8. The effect of difference between outside and inside temperature is called→ Stack effect
9. The steel in ACSR conductor is used to → Provide mechanical strength
10. 10 volt and 5 ohm resistance calculate current → I = V/R = 10/5 = 2 A
11. Voltage regulation is 5% calculate no load voltage if full load voltage is 12V → 12.6
12. Motor used in hoists and cranes is → DC Series motor
13. In parallel operationy which of the following generator is used→ Shunt generator
14. In three phase balanced system voltage difference is → 120° phase difference
15. The circuit breaker is used to protect → Circuit from fault current
16. The switchgear is used to → Control, protect and isolate electrical equipment
17. Ratio of active to apparent power is called→ Power factor
18. The power factor is defined as ratio of → Watts / VA
19. In purely capacitivet circuit current → Leads voltage by 90°
20. The input impedance of JFET → Very high
21. In BJT the highlytg doped region is → Emitter
22. The process of adding impurities is called→ Doping
23. The donor semiconductor material → Phosphorus (not Boron, which is acceptor)
24. Two 10 farad capacitors connected in parallel the resultant capacitance → 20 F
25. Generator working principle → Faraday’s law of Electromagneticy Induction
26. The PT step downs → Voltage
27. Unit of inductance → Henry (H)
28. The capacitor used in single phase induction motor for starting → Electrolytic capacitor
29. If frequency is 50 Hz the no of cycles in 3 seconds → 50 * 3 = 150 cycles
30. The heater 230V 50 Hz frequency the 230 voltage is → RMS value
31. In transmission system the feedery feeds up → Distributor
32. Transformer step up → Voltage
33. Which of the following is reliable distribution system → Ring main system
34. Lamination is used to reduce → Eddy current loss
35. Eddy current loss can be reduced by → Lamination of core
36. The yoke of small machine is made up of → Cast iron
37. The core of transformer is made up of → Silicon steel laminations
38. One question about ventilation → (Usually for cooling of machines, forced or natural)
39. Which of the following is phase modulation → FM (Frequency/Phase modulation category)
40. PCM → Pulse Code Modulation (Digital, not PM)
41. The communication system is used to transfer → Information
42. One question about noise → (Noise is unwanted signal that interferes with communication)
43. Which of the following is not wireless system → Landline
44. The wave used for telecommunications is → Sine wave (not square/triangular)
45. The wave after frequency of HF transmit in → Ionosphere
46. The consumed energy by consumer is measured through→ Energy meter (kWh meter)
47. The step up transformer is used to decrease→ Current
48. The data transmitted in communication system is called→ Packet
49. Commutator basic function is → Convert AC in armature to DC output
50. Which of the following is not good property of thermal insulator→ Low resistance (it should have high resistance to heat flow)
51. Zener diode is used in reverse bias → True
52. Reverse bias acts as → Off switch
53. In half wave rectifier no of diode use → 1 diode
54. Fuse is connected → In series
55. In shunt generator the load voltage on loading is → Slightly less
56. In R and L circuit current → Lags voltage
57. The 150 km line is medium
58. In which of following system line to line and phase to phase voltage same delta
59. The distribution transformer configuration delta to star
60. The trip coil detect fault and ... The circuit a open b close

NESCOM AM test 2019
Credit to FT Tuition academy for compiling the file

AM Electronics/ Electrical Portion:

40-50 Mcqs
1 hr around time allowed.
All mcqs are from basics.
Negative -1 Marking too.

DLD , Microprocessors, Electronics, power Electronics, control systems, machines and Basic Electrical circuits, Signals and systems and DSP (filters specially) and Communication, C++, FPGA.

Prepare from:
sanfoundry.com
Careerride.com
Electronicspost.com
Electrical4u.com
BL. Theraja MCQS type book Electronics portion (Already shared in the group, check group topics).

Past papers from here: It has almost all the compiled files related to these kinda tests.

Drive file of all NESCOM TESTS:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/19KVJW1iOQPKw-Zp5I6hpzxs3Ibve87Ie/view?usp=sharing

Best of luck for Hr1384 Am Electronics /Electrical test..

NESCOM Tests compiled by Mehran.zip

AM Electronics test HR1384 8/12/2022.
This time 50 Mcqs and no negative marking. Toughest test so far...
1)Temperature coefficient of shunt resistance?
Zero, +ve,-ve , infinity
2)Op amp o/p if same i/p applied to both inputs?
Zero
3)Astable multivibrator o/p?
Square, one shot
4)Oscillator produces....
Square wave, Constant oscillations, Sinusoidal
5) Numerical about Bode plot
6) Numerical about resonant frequency
7) Numerical about capacitor energy calcuation
8)2-3 questions about DLD simplification...some are lengthy expressions
9) If system is critically damped and gain is increased, then system behaves....
Oversampled, underdamped
10) Numerical about bandwidth calcuation
11) Numerical about RLC circuit
12) Numerical about power electronics Duty cycle calculation
13) If square wave applied to Op amp circuit given(integrator)....then output wave form
14) Numerical about Rth calculation
Lot of numericals are there which are Difficult and lengthy as time given is very short for those numericals.

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Admin

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Past paper
1: Brass is a alloy of :
Ans:Zn and Cu
2: atom bomb is made by:
Ans: Nuclear fission process
3: energy and mass equation given by
Ans: Einstein
4: dilution formula use krk 1 numerical tha
5: chemical change occur in
Ans: Digestion and cooking of food
6: cal of standard entropy of reaction of decomposition of Caco3 ..yh b numerical tha..iska confirm nh mja
7: relation of energy with freq and wavelength
Ans: Direct, inverse
8: metalocenes are
Ans: sandwiched compound
9: which one is transition metal
Ans:Mn
10:Which one show greater covalent character
Ans: AlCl3
11: relation of normality and morality of H2SO4 wla ak numerical tha
12.Diamond are.... Conductor of electricity good or bad ?
Ans:(Bad)
13. Mg+O2--------(Balance) ?
Ans: 2 Mg + O2 --------> 2MgO
14. Pure form of iron?(wrought iron)
15. solid and Gas 1 numerical
16.pH of Clay
17.The cell which convert chemical enery to electical is called
18.Which is Lewis base
19.Hclo4 is strong or weak acid
20.How many moles of oxygen in 4.4g of co2
21.4.4 pH range Of indictor ?
22.Blood coloting due to vitamin?
23.Milk contain less amount of?
24.Sublimation Show the following compounds?
25.Oxidation state of sodium in sodium maglam?
26.If n=5 and l=3 then orbit is?
27.Butyne formula?
28.Which is compound in following ?
29. Shortest Wavelength?
30.Equilibrium state ?
31.Urea contain element ?
32.Lewis base?
33.Nuclear reaction equation balanced by?
34.Elements abundant in human body.
Ans: Oxygen

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NCP TEST (15-June-25)

Post : Assistant Manager (Electronics)

Total Mcqs. 60 Mcqs
Total Time. 90 Min’s
Negative Marking. No

Syllabus:
1)Electronics(70-80 %) (Gates,DLD
FPGA
Synchronous motor
Control systems
Signal and system
Power electronics
Circuit diagram solving KVL KCl node mesh analysis)

2)Islamiyat

3)General Knowledge

4)English

Paper MCQS
1 FPGA stands for
Filed programmable gate array
2 : Universal gates
NAND NOR
3: Equation for nor gate is
AB' +A'B
4: In tayamum what is not necessary
Washing of face
5: The below circuit is for which gate
NAND gate (A'.B')
6: First slaughter take place at

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HAZECO test Junior Engr

Two candidates interviews experience
Hesco
Diversity factor, why silicon jel is used, function of transformer oil, tarbela dam capacity, wto full form, scada function, how much 30% of 150 , function of nepra Skin effect, corrono effect

1) introduce yourself
2) circuit breaker is off load or on load device?
3) isolator se offload or onload
4) Types of circuit breaker
5) why sf6 is used ?
6) ACSR stands for
7) Efficiency kia hota hy
8) Nato Headquarters
9) General Security Council and its members
10) 550 million mn ke kitnee caror bantee hyn
11 ) Capital of chili and Italy
12 ) Diversity factor
13 ) Demand factor
14 ) Skin effect
15 ) Nepra stand for and what they regulate
16) bcz I did safety Courses they asked several safety questions

NTS TEST ISMO DATED 15-06-2025
Q1. In MS Excel, which of the following special function keys allows the user to enter content into a cell?
A. Shift
B. Esc
C. Tab
D. Space
Q2. In MS Excel, the easiest way to select an entire column is to:
A. Double click any cell in the column
B. Drag from the top cell in the column to the last cell in the column
C. Click the column heading
D. None of the above
03. What is the intersection of a column and row called in Excel?
A. A cell
B. A range
C. A column header
D. A row header
04. In order to find text within a file, which keyboard shortcut is used?
A) Ctrl + S
B) Ctrl + C
C) Ctrl + V
D) Ctrl + F
Shortcut key Ctrl + A is used for:
A. To Select All Text
B. To Copy
C. To Paste
D. None
06. Which slide layout is typically used for the title and other introductory details in a PowerPoint presentation?
A. Content Slide
B. Title Slide
C. Section Header
D. Blank Slide

07. In which Microsoft Office application(s) can you insert a table?
A. Office
B. Excel
C. PowerPoint
D. All
08. Which of the following is a Microsoft Word document file extension?
A. .pptx
B. .doc
C. .xlsx
D. .pdf
09. If data is sent from one sheet to another in Excel, the process is called:
A. Updating
B. Formatting
C. Referencing
D. Sorting
10.
English
11. What is the opposite of "Avoid"?
A) Interested
B) Pressure
C) Confront
D) Ignore
Q12. What is the opposite of EXAGGERATION:
A. Strange
B. Direct route
C. Amplification
D. Understatement
Q13. According to a recent survey, __________ doctors do not have a personal physician.
A. A large amount of
B. Large amount of
C. A large number of
D. Large number of

Verbal reasoning
Q14. Fire: Ashes::
A. Memories: Events
B. Water: Waves
C. Wood: Splinters

A great scholar recognized that, while all men should have equal opportunity, all did not have the same capacity. Some had the ability to earn more than others. But he believed that those who had talent would be performing the work of society if they used their talent wisely and well. He said that he would allow a man of intellect to earn more and not suppress his talent. But it was his view that the bulk of his larger earnings should go to the common fund. Those with talent and opportunity would find their fulfillment as trustees. He extended this concept of trusteeship to cover all fields of life.
Q15. The scholar mentioned in the passage never believed in:
A. Social equality
B. Equality of opportunities
C. Political equality
D. Complete equality in all respects
Q16. The scholar’s trusteeship concept is:
A. A philosophy
B. Applicable to social life only
C. Applicable to all fields of life ✅
D. Irrelevant today
Q17. According to him, one can serve the society:
A. If one is talented
B. If one uses his talent wisely ✅
C. If one earned well
D. If one worked honestly
Q18. The passage primarily discusses the scholar’s:
A. Character
B. Views ✅
C. Services
D. Personality
Q19. He believed that a man of intellect should:
A. Earn as much as he needs
B. Earn for others, not for himself ✅
C. Earn more and not suppress his talent
D. Live on charity

Mathematics
20. If x+16=24 the value of x =?
21. What is 4℅ of 4℅ of 40000.......64
22. 11x^2+5÷3-2 what is the answer to this question?
23. 2x+2y=4
2x-2y=14
Then x2-y2=?
24. If one side of a square is decreased by 20% and other increased by 20%. What is the effect on new area
25. A line which joins two points of circle and passes through it's mid point.
26. If side of square is 6 cm what is its area 36cm2
27. If a=sin b= cos the a2 + b2=
A 0
B 1
C 2
D infinite
Technical
MECHANICAL
31. A hydraulic pump is part of which type of system?
A. Open system
B. Closed system
C. Fixed system
D. Static system
32. If as the quantity produced increases, a production function first exhibits increasing marginal product and later diminishing marginal product, then the law is known as:
A. Law of Returns to Scale
B. Law of Diminishing Utility
C. Law of Demand
D. Law of Variable Proportions
E. Law of Supply
33. If a body is about to slip, then the type of motion is called:
A. Static motion
B. Kinetic motion
C. Uniform motion
D. Impending motion
E. Rolling motion

34. Lower-case letters have four horizontal guidelines, called the cap line, waistline, base line and
A. Front line
B. Tip line
C Drop line
D. Bold line
E. Fall line

35. In an adiabatic cooling process, if volume is increased, then:
A. Pressure increases
B. Temperature increases
C. Temperature decreases
D. Heat decreases
36. High volume to air ratio is maximum in:
A. Evaporative condenser
B. Shell and tube condenser
C. Double pipe condenser
D. Air-cooled condenser
E. Plate type condenser
37. Bevel gears are used to transmit motion between shafts that are:
A. Parallel and coplanar
B. Intersecting and non-parallel
C. Intersecting at an angle
D. V-shaped
E. Coaxial
38. During expansion in an adiabatic cooling process, the graph will be:
A. Straight line
B. Elliptical
C. Parabola
D. Hyperbolic
39. The mass or region outside the system is called:
A. Boundary
B. Surroundings
C. Universe
D. Control mass
E. Control volume
40. If the flow is at a constant rate, the flow is called:
A. Uniform
B. Steady
C. Turbulent
D. Laminar
41. What is the purpose of a dotted or dashed line in engineering drawings?
A. To show visible edges
B. To represent centerlines
C. To indicate hidden features
D. To highlight dimensions
E. To show cutting planes
42. Which method is used to represent 3D shapes in 2D drawings?
A. Perspective view
B. Freehand sketch
C. Orthographic projection
D. Flowchart
E. Oblique view
Orthographic projection: Represents 3D objects in 2D using multiple 2D views (top, front, side). It is accurate and standard for engineering.
Isometric drawing: A type of pictorial 3D drawing on 2D paper, where all axes are equally inclined (usually 30°), giving a more visual 3D feel.
So:
For accurate 2D representation of 3D objects → Orthographic
For 3D-looking view on 2D surface → Isometric
43. In air conditioning, the temperature difference is measured between:
A. Optimum temperature
B. Room temperature
C. Ambient temperature
D. Supply air temperature
E. Dew point temperature
44. If pressure is applied over a surface, the point at which the resultant pressure force acts is called:
A. Center of gravity
B. Pressure point
C. Center of pressure
D. Fulcrum point
E. Load point

45. There were three question on the following topics I did not remembered them the topics are Betz limit, ultrasonic maintenance, impediment motion
46. If the shape of a body does not change when a force is applied, the body is called:
A. Elastic body
B. Rigid body
C. Deformable body
D. Plastic body
E. Flexible body
47. If pressure is applied and the volume of a body decreases, the law is related to:
A. Hooke's Law
B. Pressure modulus
C. Bulk modulus (Volumetric modulus)
D. Elastic modulus
E. Volume law

48. Which class of fire extinguisher is used for liquid fires (such as petrol, oil, diesel)?
A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D
49. In modern power plants, steam is produced from water using which of the following equipment?
A. Turbine
B. Generator
C. Condenser
D. Boiler
57) The major cause of voltage instability is:
A. Transformer
B. Generator
C. Load
D. Transmission lines
58. The area under the load curve represents:
A. The maximum demand
B. Load factor
C. The average load on power system
D. The electrical energy consumed
59. On black bus ______ and ______ are specified.
A. Voltage Magnitude, Real power
B. Voltage Magnitude, Phase angle
C. Active, Reactive power
D. Active power, phase angle
60. A Sparse matrix is the one whose most elements are
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 10
61. Which type of convergence takes place in Newton Raphson method:
A. Linear convergence
B. Quadratic convergence
C. Cubic convergence
D. None of these
62. Tap changing transformer are used for
A. Step up voltage
B. Step down voltage
C. Step up voltage & Step down voltage
D None

63. Which of the following equipment or element can reduce Ferranti effect?
A. Relay
B. Circuit Breaker
C. Resistors
D. Current limiting reactors

64. What is the main type of distribution system in Pakistan?

A. Radial
B. Ring
C. Parallel
D. Series-Parallel
65. A copper oxide ______ allows current to flow through a meter in only one direction.
A. Diac
B. Transistor
C. Rectifier
D. Volunteer

66. The purpose of an RC snubber circuit is to
A. Limit the rise of current in a circuit
B. Limit the rate of change of voltage (dv/dt)
C. Increase switching speed of transistors
D. Reduce power factor in AC systems
67. The function of the starter of the DC motor is:
A. To limit the starting current
B. To limit the starting voltage
C. To increase the field resistance
D. To reduce armature resistance
68 A NAND gate is formed by the combination of which basic logic gates?
A) OR + NOT
B) AND + NOT
C) NOR + NOT
D) NOT + NOT.
69. At parallel resonance, the power factor of the circuit is:
A) Zero
B) Unity
C) Lagging
D) Leading
70. Thyristor turns off when anode current falls below
A latching current
B forward current
C reverse current
71 A light waveform of 1 GHz frequency has a wavelength of:
A. 0.1m
B. 0.2m
C. 0.3m
D. 0.4m
72. The power factor during resonance phenomenon in an AC circuit is:
A. Leading
B. Lagging
C. Unity
D. 0
73. A TRIAC is a:
A) 2-terminal unidirectional switch
B) 2-terminal bidirectional switch
C) 3-terminal unidirectional switch
D) 3-terminal bidirectional switch
74. When batteries are connected in parallel, then:
- A. Current carrying capacity decreases
- B. Voltage increases
- C. Voltage decreases
- D. Current carrying capacity increases
75. Inter-turn fault in a transformer is detected by:
A) Overcurrent relay
B) Differential relay
C) Buchholz relay
D) Split-phase relay
76. To avoid aliasing modulation rate should not be exceed
85%
90%
95%
100%
77. The interest calculated on the original principal or loan amount is called:
A) Rate of nominal interest
B) Effective rate of interest
C) Simple interest
78. The speed regulation of a synchronous motor is approximately:
A) 0%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 100%
79. Single line diagram does not represent:
a) Ratings of machines
b) Neutral wire of transmission lines
c) Delta connection of transformer winding
d) Star connection of transformer winding
80. In signal processing, the correct order for the process of scaling and time shifting is:
A) First time shift, then time scaling
B) First time scaling, then time shift
C) Both can be done in any order
D) None of these
81. An output power level of 200 W is 3 dB above what input power level?
A. 2 W
B. 50 W
C. 100 W
D. 200 W
82. Which component connects the substation to the area where power is to be distributed?
A. Distributors
B. Service mains
C. Feeder
D. Generators
83. Which one the following is not triggered with applied voltage either of polarity
A DIAC
B SCS
C Triac
D Diode
84: In an open-loop control system, the output is:
A) Independent of input
B) Dependent on feedback
C) Controlled by error signal
D) Dependent on input only
85: __________ stability is a form of stability for linear signals and systems that take inputs. A. Bounded input bounded output (BIBO) B. Input to state C. Absolute D. Asymptotical
86. Switching surge is:
A) Short duration transient
B) Long duration overvoltage
C) A DC voltage spike
D) A harmonic distortion
87. The capacity of a battery is usually expressed in:
A. Amperes
B. Ampere-Hours
C. Watt-Hours
D. Watts
88. Capacitor banks are used for:
A) Voltage regulation
B) Power factor correction
C) Reducing active power
D) Increasing frequency
89. Corona discharge causes:
A) Power factor improvement
B) Reduced line losses
C) Radio interference
D) Reduced voltage drop
90. Crystal oscillators are preferred because they have:
A) High power output
B) Low frequency
C) Frequency instability
D) High frequency stability
91. A Tesla coil is an example of:
A) Step-down transformer
B) Cascaded transformer
C) Resonant transformer
D) Isolation transformer
92. Which of the following is the primary objective of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) in power system operation?
A. Minimize transmission line losses
B. Equalize the generation among all units
C. Optimize fuel consumption while meeting load demand
D. Reduce reactive power in the system
93. How many levels can a digital signal have?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) None of these
94. A _______ can be used to make automated potentiometer in comparison measurements?
A. Analog to digital converter
B. Digital to analog converter
C. Electrometer
D. Electrostatic Voltmeter

95. For good stability, the tunnel circuit should have:
A. High Q
B. Low Q
C. Zero Q
D. Low R
96. What is the main reason for using high voltage for long-distance power transmission?
A. Reduction in the transmission losses
B. Reduction in the time of transmission
C. Increase in system reliability
D. Improvement
97. Which are radial flow reaction turbines, with fixed runner blades and adjustable guide vanes, used for medium heads?
A. Pelton turbines
B. Francis turbines
C. Cross-flow turbine
D. Turbo turbine

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Copied
Hesco interview experience(16-6-25)
Introduce yourself

What is a relay?

Types of circuit breakers, and why is SF6 used?

Function of transformer oil

Power transmission voltage
Ring and radial system

Ohm’s Law

What is a Buchholz Relay?

What is potential and current?

voltage and current measured by

Name Hvdc local project

What is ct and pt

What is diversity factor?

Formula of (a–b)²

What is a diode and transistor?

🔹 General Knowledge / Islamiat:

NFC Award

Date of enforcement of Pakistan's first constitution

26th Amendment

Who was the first Pakistani to receive a Nobel Prize and in which field?

Governor of Punjab

Head of State and Head of Government

When did Pakistan become nuclear power

Dua e Qunoot

Question related PMCC

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