Department of Earth Sciences, The University Of Haripur, KPK Students

" Figure 4
Cross section of a crustal column illustrating the chain of processes that form critical mineral deposits in a convergent magmatic arc setting. Each deposit type shows its main commodity and companion or by-product elements. From bottom to top, the figure shows the subducting hydrous oceanic crust that sources volatiles and ligands (water, chlorine, and sulfur) and contributes to the partial melting of the hydrated mantle, resulting in water-rich basaltic magmas (after Griffin et al. 2013, Park et al. 2021, Xu et al. 2021, Heinrich 2024). These magmas rise through the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and pond in the lower crust (MASH zone: melting-assimilation-storage-homogenization), where they can form metal-rich sulfide cumulates. Magmas then ascend through the crustal column to the mid-upper crust (∼10–15 km), forming large magma reservoirs, which may generate lithium pegmatite deposits (in light blue). Shallow plutons (∼3–5 km), fed by these reservoirs, may form porphyry copper and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits by exsolution of metal and sulfur-rich hydrothermal fluids (ore bodies shown in dark blue). Metallogenic processes can also operate on Earth's surface. For example, lithium and rare earth elements (REE) can be weathered from rocks in the surface, or sourced from volcanic fluids, and transported by surface or ground waters to form lithium-rich brines and regolith-hosted REE and lithium clay deposits (shown in dark blue)."

Source:
Martin Reich, Adam C. Simon. 2025. Critical Minerals. Annual Review Earth and Planetary Sciences. 53:141-168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040523-023316

The stunning columnar jointing at Cape Stolbchaty, Russia, a result of volcanic activity and cooling lava.

Don't seek to Understand, Geologists are Passionate!!!

Hydro china is seeking professionals from Pakistan for the Rehabilitation project at Warsak Dam near Peshawar.

Walk in interviews for internships in Pakistan meteorological Department PMD
Stipend = 35k
Duration = 3 months but can be extended

Jobs in Pakistan Petroleum Limited
Last date is 16 June 2025

Contract based Project Positions for Geologists in the Geological Survey of Pakistan. A good opportunity for the Geologists Seeking Good hand experience

Dear geological community* ⛏️,
The *SEG UCE FIGEMPA* has the honor to invite you to the conference:

Title: *Orogenic Gold - Geology and Genesis*

👷*Speaker*: Prof. Richard Goldfarb

Geologist with a PhD from the University of Colorado. 36 years of research at the U.S. Geological Survey. Expert in global metallogeny, gold deposits, and geochemistry. He has served as president of SEG and has been awarded multiple gold and silver medals for his contributions to economic geology. He is currently a research professor in China and Colorado, and an independent consultant.

✅This event is ideal for those looking to deepen their knowledge in gold geology, as well as for professionals in the mining industry

📅*Date*: Wednesday, March 12th
⏰ *Time*: 6:00 PM UTC-5 (Quito-Ecuador)
💻*Modality*: Virtual

*Registration form*: [https://forms.gle/GSZG1thAXFbDABQL6](https://forms.gle/GSZG1thAXFbDABQL6?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR0SabvoCFu2iJavh_eIiZGhKszRSCwdQAz1PhOVQUJYT0D691ajrh-S4xU_aem_1nymK3rwx-vXDtxb7zn7yw)

Don't miss this unique learning opportunity. We look forward to seeing you! ⚒

PIEAS Admissions 2025
Link 👇
https://admissions.pieas.edu.pk/

Join the 30th Annual Technical Conference & Oil Show to explore emerging technologies shaping the future of energy and exploration.

📍 Pak-China Friendship Center

📅 February 18-19 2025