24/06/2025
Here is a complete guide that includes 5 harmful effects of each disaster and what to do before, during, and after an earthquake, landslide, tsunami, and volcanic eruption:
🌍 1. Earthquake
Harmful Effects:
Building collapse leading to injuries or death
Fires due to broken gas lines
Landslides triggered in hilly areas
Damage to roads, bridges, and infrastructure
Power outages and water supply disruption
What to Do:
Before:
Secure heavy furniture and appliances
Prepare an emergency kit
Practice "Drop, Cover, and Hold" drills
Know safe spots (under a table, away from windows)
Plan and discuss evacuation routes with family
During:
Stay calm and do Drop, Cover, and Hold
Stay indoors, away from windows and glass
If outside, go to an open area away from buildings
If in a vehicle, stop safely and stay inside
Avoid using elevators
After:
Check yourself and others for injuries
Watch out for aftershocks
Inspect your surroundings for damage (e.g., gas leaks)
Use phone only for emergencies
Listen to news updates and follow official instructions
🏞️ 2. Landslide
Harmful Effects:
Burial or crushing of people and property
Blockage of roads and communication lines
Destruction of farmland and vegetation
Contamination of water sources
Displacement of families and communities
What to Do:
Before:
Avoid building homes on steep slopes
Check for cracks or bulges on hills
Plant deep-rooted vegetation to stabilize soil
Be aware of local landslide-prone areas
Prepare an emergency kit and evacuation plan
During:
Move away from the path of the landslide quickly
Listen for unusual sounds (cracking trees, rumbling)
Take cover behind a sturdy object if escape isn't possible
Stay alert and informed via radio or mobile alerts
Avoid rivers and low-lying areas
After:
Stay away from the slide area (risk of secondary slides)
Report damages or missing persons to authorities
Help neighbors who may need assistance
Do not drink contaminated water
Wait for official declaration before returning home
🌊 3. Tsunami
Harmful Effects:
Massive flooding and destruction of coastal areas
Death and injury from drowning or debris
Displacement and homelessness
Damage to infrastructure and agriculture
Saltwater contamination of freshwater sources
What to Do:
Before:
Know the tsunami risk in your area
Learn the evacuation routes and high ground locations
Prepare an emergency go-bag
Install alert apps or listen to warnings
Educate family members on safety plans
During:
If you feel an earthquake near the coast, evacuate immediately
Head inland and to higher ground without delay
Do not wait for official warnings if the sea suddenly recedes
Stay away from the beach or shoreline
Keep listening to the radio for updates
After:
Wait for the “all clear” before returning
Avoid walking or driving through floodwaters
Be cautious of damaged buildings and infrastructure
Help others and seek medical help if needed
Boil water or drink bottled water only
🌋 4. Volcanic Eruption
Harmful Effects:
Lava flows destroying property and land
Ashfall affecting lungs, eyes, and visibility
Pyroclastic flows causing instant death and damage
Disruption of air travel and power supply
Long-term impacts on agriculture and water sources
What to Do:
Before:
Know if your area is within the danger zone
Prepare masks and goggles for ash protection
Keep emergency supplies and food/water stocks
Plan evacuation routes and shelter options
Stay updated on volcano alert levels
During:
Follow evacuation orders immediately
Wear masks, goggles, and long clothing
Stay indoors during ashfall; close all windows
Avoid rivers and valleys where lava or lahars may flow
Stay tuned to official news sources
After:
Wait for clearance before returning home
Remove ash from roofs to avoid collapse
Clean ash using wet methods (no sweeping)
Avoid driving unless necessary (ash can damage engines)
Seek medical help for any health issues (e.g., breathing problems)