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08/02/2021

Title: Harmful Radiation of the Modern Devices
Subject: Empowerment Technologies

Social Campaign Page by: G-11, HUMSS - 1 S.Y. 2020-2021

Leader:
Krisha Mae B. Lavarientos

Members:
Jeff Agno
Edwardo Jacoba
Daryl Palaganas
Jomel Penullar
Charlene Abad
Leamay Joy Castaรฑeda
Arlene Mae Lapore
Darahlyn Petrache

http://luckyaces137375136.wordpress.com

08/02/2021

CONCEPT PAPER
HARMFUL RADIATION OF THE MODERN DEVICES

INTRODUCTION

Smartphones are used to access the Internet and social networks, send emails and chat with friends via text and MMS or to talk using a cellular connection. Smartphones can also be used to take photos or to download books, music, videos, games and an unlimited range of applications to make life simpler and more interesting. All cell phones and smartphones give off forms of non-ionizing Electromagnetic Field Radiation (EMF), comprised of Radio Frequency (RF) Radiation and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Radiation for a greater degree. Radiofrequency radiation consists of the cell signal, Bluetooth and WiFi, while the Extremely Low Frequency radiation is generated by phones hardware (electrical components). This radiation gets absorbed into the body, usually through body tissue situated near where the cell phone is held. The degree of exposure depends on several factors, including the type of cell phone being used, how far the user is from the cell phone's antenna, how much time is spent on the cell phone and how far the user is from the cell towers.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aim to give information on how the modern devices can affect our body.

Cell phones emit radiofrequency radiation (radio waves), a form of non-ionizing radiation, from their antennas. Parts of the body nearest to the antenna can absorb this energy.
The number of cell phone users has increased rapidly. There were over 400 million cell phone subscribers in the United States in 2017, according to the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association Exit Disclaimer. Globally, there are more than 5 billion cell phone users Exit Disclaimer.
Over time, the number of cell phone calls per day, the length of each call, and the amount of time people use cell phones have increased. Because of changes in cell phone technology and increases in the number of base stations for transmitting wireless signals, the exposure from cell phone useโ€”power outputโ€”has changed, mostly lowered, in many regions of the United States.

Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves (gamma or X-rays) or particles (neutrons, beta or alpha). The spontaneous disintegration of atoms is called radioactivity, and the excess energy emitted is a form of ionizing radiation. Unstable elements which disintegrate and emit ionizing radiation are called radionuclides.

People are exposed to natural radiation sources as well as human-made sources on a daily basis. Natural radiation comes from many sources including more than 60 naturally-occurring radioactive materials found in soil, water and air. Radon, a naturally-occurring gas, emanates from rock and soil and is the main source of natural radiation. Every day, people inhale and ingest radionuclides from air, food and water.

Acute health effects such as skin burns or acute radiation syndrome can occur when doses of radiation exceed certain levels.
Low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the risk of longer term effects such as cancer.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The review article compares and contrasts the existing research studies on cellphone radiations and it's effects. Cellphone use has increased in recent decade and its effects needs to reviewed. This study serves as a potential source, which can help us determine public health as well as environmental issues. The literature review observes several determinants of effects caused by cellphone radiations. The effect associated is good as well as bad. Future studies can help us optimize the determinants of cellphone radiations on human body as well as environment. It can help us prevent the hazardous effect in advance by finding the solutions.

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05/02/2021

๐˜พ๐™Š๐™‰๐˜พ๐™€๐™‹๐™ ๐™‹๐˜ผ๐™‹๐™€๐™
๐™ƒ๐™–๐™ง๐™ข๐™›๐™ช๐™ก ๐™๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ˆ๐™ค๐™™๐™š๐™ง๐™ฃ ๐˜ฟ๐™š๐™ซ๐™ž๐™˜๐™š๐™จ

๐™Ž๐™ข๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™–๐™˜๐™˜๐™š๐™จ๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™„๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ฉ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™จ๐™ค๐™˜๐™ž๐™–๐™ก ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ฌ๐™ค๐™ง๐™ ๐™จ, ๐™จ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™š๐™ข๐™–๐™ž๐™ก๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™˜๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ž๐™š๐™ฃ๐™™๐™จ ๐™ซ๐™ž๐™– ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ญ๐™ฉ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ˆ๐™ˆ๐™Ž ๐™ค๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ก๐™  ๐™ช๐™จ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™– ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ช๐™ก๐™–๐™ง ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ. ๐™Ž๐™ข๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™–๐™ก๐™จ๐™ค ๐™—๐™š ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ ๐™š ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™จ ๐™ค๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™™๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™ฃ๐™ก๐™ค๐™–๐™™ ๐™—๐™ค๐™ค๐™ ๐™จ, ๐™ข๐™ช๐™จ๐™ž๐™˜, ๐™ซ๐™ž๐™™๐™š๐™ค๐™จ, ๐™œ๐™–๐™ข๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ช๐™ฃ๐™ก๐™ž๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ง๐™–๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™–๐™ฅ๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ข๐™–๐™ ๐™š ๐™ก๐™ž๐™›๐™š ๐™จ๐™ž๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™š๐™ง ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ข๐™ค๐™ง๐™š ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง๐™š๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ. ๐˜ผ๐™ก๐™ก ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™จ๐™ข๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™œ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™ค๐™›๐™› ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง๐™ข๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฃ๐™ค๐™ฃ-๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™ฏ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™€๐™ก๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข๐™–๐™œ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™˜ ๐™๐™ž๐™š๐™ก๐™™ ๐™๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ (๐™€๐™ˆ๐™), ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ž๐™จ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™ค ๐™๐™ง๐™š๐™ฆ๐™ช๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฎ (๐™๐™) ๐™๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™€๐™ญ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™š๐™ข๐™š๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™‡๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™๐™ง๐™š๐™ฆ๐™ช๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฎ (๐™€๐™‡๐™) ๐™๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™– ๐™œ๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง ๐™™๐™š๐™œ๐™ง๐™š๐™š. ๐™๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™ค ๐™›๐™ง๐™š๐™ฆ๐™ช๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฎ ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ๐™ž๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก ๐™จ๐™ž๐™œ๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก, ๐˜ฝ๐™ก๐™ช๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™’๐™ž๐™๐™ž, ๐™ฌ๐™๐™ž๐™ก๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™€๐™ญ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™š๐™ข๐™š๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™‡๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™›๐™ง๐™š๐™ฆ๐™ช๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฎ ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ง๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š๐™™ ๐™—๐™ฎ ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™๐™–๐™ง๐™™๐™ฌ๐™–๐™ง๐™š (๐™š๐™ก๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™จ). ๐™๐™๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™œ๐™š๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™–๐™—๐™จ๐™ค๐™ง๐™—๐™š๐™™ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™—๐™ค๐™™๐™ฎ, ๐™ช๐™จ๐™ช๐™–๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ง๐™ค๐™ช๐™œ๐™ ๐™—๐™ค๐™™๐™ฎ ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™จ๐™จ๐™ช๐™š ๐™จ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™–๐™ง ๐™ฌ๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™๐™š๐™ก๐™™. ๐™๐™๐™š ๐™™๐™š๐™œ๐™ง๐™š๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™š๐™ญ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™จ๐™ช๐™ง๐™š ๐™™๐™š๐™ฅ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™™๐™จ ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™จ๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง๐™–๐™ก ๐™›๐™–๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ, ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ก๐™ช๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™ฎ๐™ฅ๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™—๐™š๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š๐™™, ๐™๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™›๐™–๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š๐™ง ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™๐™š'๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฃ๐™–, ๐™๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™ข๐™ช๐™˜๐™ ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ข๐™š ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™จ๐™ฅ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™›๐™–๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š๐™ง ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก ๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™š๐™ง๐™จ.

๐™’๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ข๐™ค๐™™๐™š๐™ง๐™ฃ ๐™จ๐™ค๐™˜๐™ž๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ฎ, ๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง๐™ฎ๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™ช๐™จ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™ฃ๐™ค๐™ฉ ๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™™๐™–๐™ž๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™—๐™–๐™จ๐™ž๐™จ, ๐™—๐™ช๐™ฉ ๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง๐™ฎ ๐™ค๐™›๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ฃ. ๐™Ž๐™ข๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™ก๐™ž๐™ ๐™š๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ง๐™ง๐™ฎ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ž๐™ง ๐™™๐™š๐™ซ๐™ž๐™˜๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ก๐™ก ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ข๐™š๐™จ, ๐™ž๐™ฉ ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™จ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ข๐™–๐™ฎ ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™จ๐™š ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™–๐™ก ๐™๐™š๐™–๐™ก๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ž๐™จ๐™จ๐™ช๐™š๐™จ. ๐˜ผ๐™˜๐™˜๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™„๐˜ฟ๐˜พ, 79% ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฅ๐™š๐™ค๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™š ๐™—๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ฌ๐™š๐™š๐™ฃ 18-44 ๐™˜๐™–๐™ง๐™ง๐™ฎ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ž๐™ง ๐™จ๐™ข๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ข 22 ๐™๐™ค๐™ช๐™ง๐™จ ๐™– ๐™™๐™–๐™ฎ. ๐˜ผ๐™จ ๐™– ๐™ง๐™š๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™™๐™š๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™š ๐™–๐™ง๐™š 24 ๐™๐™ค๐™ช๐™ง๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™– ๐™™๐™–๐™ฎ. ๐™€๐™ˆ๐™ ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™๐™–๐™จ ๐™—๐™š๐™š๐™ฃ ๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ซ๐™–๐™ง๐™ž๐™ค๐™ช๐™จ ๐™๐™š๐™–๐™ก๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ž๐™จ๐™จ๐™ช๐™š๐™จ, ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ก๐™ช๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š๐™ง, ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™›๐™š๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ฎ, ๐™จ๐™ก๐™š๐™š๐™ฅ ๐™™๐™ž๐™จ๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™™๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฅ๐™ข๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ก ๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™—๐™ก๐™š๐™ข๐™จ. ๐™๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ฌ๐™๐™ฎ, ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™š ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™œ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š๐™ง๐™ฃ ๐™–๐™ข๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™๐™š๐™–๐™ก๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ค๐™›๐™›๐™ž๐™˜๐™ž๐™–๐™ก๐™จ ๐™ง๐™š๐™œ๐™–๐™ง๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™๐™š๐™–๐™ก๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™๐™–๐™ฏ๐™–๐™ง๐™™๐™จ ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™จ๐™š๐™™ ๐™—๐™ฎ ๐™€๐™ˆ๐™ ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™š๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ง ๐™ข๐™ค๐™—๐™ž๐™ก๐™š ๐™™๐™š๐™ซ๐™ž๐™˜๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ž๐™ง ๐™š๐™›๐™›๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™๐™ช๐™ข๐™–๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™—๐™ค๐™™๐™ฎ. ๐™๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฎ, ๐™ž๐™ฉ ๐™๐™–๐™จ ๐™—๐™š๐™š๐™ฃ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ค๐™ช๐™œ๐™๐™ฉ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™๐™ž๐™œ๐™ ๐™™๐™ค๐™จ๐™š๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ช๐™ก๐™™ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ช๐™จ๐™š ๐™จ๐™š๐™ง๐™ž๐™ค๐™ช๐™จ ๐™๐™–๐™ง๐™ข. ๐™ƒ๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง, ๐™ข๐™ค๐™ง๐™š ๐™ง๐™š๐™˜๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง๐™ข๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™จ๐™ช๐™œ๐™œ๐™š๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ฃ ๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™œ-๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง๐™ข ๐™š๐™ญ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™จ๐™ช๐™ง๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™ก๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ก๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง ๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฅ๐™š๐™ง๐™ž๐™ค๐™™๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ข๐™š ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™—๐™š ๐™๐™–๐™ง๐™ข๐™›๐™ช๐™ก ๐™–๐™จ ๐™ฌ๐™š๐™ก๐™ก.

๐™Š๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™™๐™ฎ ๐™™๐™š๐™จ๐™˜๐™ง๐™ž๐™—๐™š๐™จ ๐™๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š ๐™˜๐™๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข๐™ค๐™จ๐™ค๐™ข๐™–๐™ก ๐™–๐™—๐™ฃ๐™ค๐™ง๐™ข๐™–๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™–๐™ก๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™˜ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™™๐™š๐™ญ ๐™ฌ๐™๐™ž๐™˜๐™ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™จ๐™š๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™›๐™ง๐™š๐™ฆ๐™ช๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฎ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™–๐™—๐™š๐™ง๐™ง๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™ค๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ข๐™š ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™– ๐™ก๐™ž๐™ซ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ค๐™ง๐™œ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™จ๐™ข. ๐˜ผ๐™˜๐™˜๐™ช๐™ข๐™ช๐™ก๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™–๐™—๐™—๐™š๐™ง๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ, ๐™ก๐™š๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ช๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ก๐™ก๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ก๐™ž๐™›๐™š๐™ง๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™–๐™—๐™ฃ๐™ค๐™ง๐™ข๐™–๐™ก ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ, ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™™๐™š๐™›๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š๐™ง. ๐™๐™๐™š ๐™„๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก ๐˜ผ๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™ฎ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™๐™š๐™จ๐™š๐™–๐™ง๐™˜๐™ ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐˜พ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š๐™ง (๐™„๐˜ผ๐™๐˜พ), ๐™ฅ๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™’๐™ค๐™ง๐™ก๐™™ ๐™ƒ๐™š๐™–๐™ก๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™Š๐™ง๐™œ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™ฏ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™š๐™™ ๐™‰๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™๐™–๐™จ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™™๐™ช๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™š๐™™ ๐™š๐™ฅ๐™ž๐™™๐™š๐™ข๐™ž๐™ค๐™ก๐™ค๐™œ๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™™๐™ž๐™š๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ค๐™˜๐™˜๐™ช๐™ง๐™ง๐™š๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š๐™ง ๐™ฌ๐™ค๐™ง๐™ก๐™™๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™™๐™š. ๐™„๐™ฃ 2011, ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™„๐˜ผ๐™๐˜พ ๐™˜๐™ก๐™–๐™จ๐™จ๐™ž๐™›๐™ž๐™š๐™™ ๐™ข๐™ค๐™—๐™ž๐™ก๐™š ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™–๐™จ ๐™‚๐™ง๐™ค๐™ช๐™ฅ 2๐˜ฝ, ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™จ๐™จ๐™ž๐™—๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ง๐™˜๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ค๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™˜, ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™จ๐™–๐™ข๐™š ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š๐™œ๐™ค๐™ง๐™ฎ ๐™–๐™จ ๐™ก๐™š๐™–๐™™, ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™š๐™ญ๐™๐™–๐™ช๐™จ๐™ฉ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™˜๐™๐™ก๐™ค๐™ง๐™ค๐™›๐™ค๐™ง๐™ข. ๐™๐™๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ข๐™š๐™–๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™š ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ช๐™ก๐™™ ๐™—๐™š ๐™จ๐™ค๐™ข๐™š ๐™ง๐™ž๐™จ๐™  ๐™ค๐™› ๐™˜๐™–๐™ง๐™˜๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ค๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™˜๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ฎ; ๐™–๐™™๐™™๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก ๐™ง๐™š๐™จ๐™š๐™–๐™ง๐™˜๐™ ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™œ-๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง๐™ข ๐™๐™š๐™–๐™ซ๐™ฎ ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ข๐™ค๐™—๐™ž๐™ก๐™š ๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™š๐™™๐™š๐™™.

๐™€๐™ˆ๐™ ๐™๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™๐™–๐™จ ๐™–๐™ก๐™จ๐™ค ๐™—๐™š๐™š๐™ฃ ๐™จ๐™˜๐™ž๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™›๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™˜๐™๐™–๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™š๐™ก๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™ž๐™˜ ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก ๐™จ๐™ž๐™œ๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ง๐™ค๐™ช๐™œ๐™ ๐™‘๐™‚๐˜พ๐˜พ ๐™–๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ, ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ข๐™š๐™จ๐™จ ๐™ช๐™ฅ ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ง ๐™ก๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ก๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™๐™ค๐™ง๐™ข๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ช๐™ง๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™–๐™ฃ๐™จ๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™—๐™ง๐™–๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™—๐™ค๐™™๐™ฎ, ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™˜๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š ๐™ค๐™ญ๐™ž๐™™๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™š๐™จ๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐˜ฟ๐™‰๐˜ผ ๐™›๐™ง๐™–๐™œ๐™ข๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ง ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ. ๐™๐™๐™ž๐™จ ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก ๐™ข๐™ช๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ก๐™š๐™–๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง๐™ข๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ๐™˜๐™š๐™ง๐™ค๐™ช๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™ข๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™จ๐™ค๐™ข๐™š ๐™˜๐™–๐™จ๐™š๐™จ. ๐™Š๐™ช๐™ง ๐™—๐™ค๐™™๐™ž๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™™๐™š๐™ก๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š ๐™š๐™ก๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐™ข๐™–๐™˜๐™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™˜๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™จ๐™š ๐™จ๐™ข๐™–๐™ก๐™ก ๐™š๐™›๐™›๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™–๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ก๐™š๐™–๐™™ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ข๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ช๐™ง๐™ค๐™ก๐™ค๐™œ๐™ž๐™˜๐™–๐™ก ๐™™๐™ž๐™จ๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™š๐™ง๐™จ, ๐™—๐™š๐™๐™–๐™ซ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ง๐™–๐™ก ๐™™๐™ž๐™จ๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™ข๐™š๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ก ๐™๐™š๐™–๐™ก๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ž๐™จ๐™จ๐™ช๐™š๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™™๐™ค๐™ฃ'๐™ฉ ๐™จ๐™š๐™š๐™ข ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™๐™–๐™ซ๐™š ๐™Ÿ๐™ช๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™›๐™ž๐™–๐™—๐™ก๐™š ๐™˜๐™–๐™ช๐™จ๐™š. ๐™๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ฌ๐™๐™ฎ, ๐™ˆ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ช๐™›๐™–๐™˜๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™ง๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ข๐™–๐™ฃ๐™ฎ ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™ฅ๐™ช๐™ก๐™–๐™ง ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ ๐™๐™–๐™ซ๐™š ๐™ฌ๐™–๐™ง๐™ฃ๐™š๐™™ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™จ๐™ช๐™ข๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ ๐™š๐™š๐™ฅ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ž๐™ง ๐™™๐™š๐™ซ๐™ž๐™˜๐™š ๐™–๐™ฌ๐™–๐™ฎ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ž๐™ง ๐™—๐™ค๐™™๐™ฎ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™ข๐™ž๐™ฏ๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š๐™ž๐™ง ๐™š๐™ญ๐™ฅ๐™ค๐™จ๐™ช๐™ง๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™ง๐™–๐™™๐™ž๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™ฅ๐™๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™š๐™จ.

๐™’๐™š ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ก๐™ก ๐™ง๐™š๐™ฆ๐™ช๐™ž๐™ง๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™™๐™–๐™ฎ๐™จ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™™๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฅ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™ž๐™จ ๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™Ÿ๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™–๐™›๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง ๐™ฌ๐™š ๐™›๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™ž๐™จ๐™ ๐™ž๐™ฉ ๐™ฌ๐™š ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ก๐™ก ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ง ๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข๐™ค๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ค๐™ฃ. ๐™’๐™š ๐™ฌ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ก๐™™ ๐™–๐™ก๐™จ๐™ค ๐™ช๐™จ๐™š ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ง ๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™ฃ ๐™ง๐™š๐™จ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ง๐™˜๐™š๐™จ.

๐˜ฟ๐™ค๐™ฃ'๐™ฉ ๐™๐™š๐™จ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฉ๐™–๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™ช๐™จ:
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