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Q.N. 5. In MS-Excel, how do you combine the logical operator AND and OR with IF clause? Give an example.
Ans:
In this example, people don't earn bonuses until they sell at least $125,000 worth of goods, unless they work in the southern region where the market is smaller. In that case, they qualify for a bonus after $100,000 in sales.

=IF(OR(C4>=125000,AND(B4="South",C4>=100000))=TRUE,C4*0.12,"No bonus")

Let's look a bit deeper. The IF function requires three pieces of data (arguments) to run properly. The first is a logical test, the second is the value you want to see if the test returns True, and the third is the value you want to see if the test returns False. In this example, the OR function and everything nested in it provides the logical test. You can read it as: Look for values greater than or equal to 125,000, unless the value in column C is "South", then look for a value greater than 100,000, and every time both conditions are true, multiply the value by 0.12, the commission amount. Otherwise, display the words "No bonus."

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Q.N. 10. Define Social Media. Discuss the use of social media in Governance.
Ans:

A. Social Media (Cambridge Dictionary) is the forms of media that allow people to communicate and share information using the internet or mobile phones.

B. Social Media (Wikipedia) are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks.

Use of social media in Governance:

1. Political participation: governments have provided formal online channels for citizens to report crime, comment on policy, or petition for change. Largely this is restricted to a small elite of internet users, and government websites are not popular. Citizens often use social media to organize activism and protest.

2. Transparency and accountability: citizens have used social media to communicate, report and map issues in society, which has increased pressure on governments to respond.
Peacebuilding: social media have been used to monitor violence, which can support peacebuilding, although media can also be used to incite violence.

3. Private sector: social media used by businesses can increase transparency and customer communication, as well as create new forms of leadership.

4. Internal governance: new legislation and regulation of social media is controversial. Some online hate speech constitutes a crime, and some governments have shut down internet services in an attempt to control social media.