Organic chemistry Made Easy

Continuation

Electronic configuration of carbon atom


Carbon
- Has 4 electron in it's outermost shell,
- And its the element in group 4 ,
- It occupies the central position in the periodic table,
- It has a valency of 4 and forms stable bond with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and halogen.
- Base on the position it occupies in the periodic table and the number of electron it has in it's outermost shell it forms 4 covalent bond, therefore leaves no valence electron unshared.

Manthym ✍️

Electronic configuration of carbon atom
Carbon
- Has 4 electron in it's outermost shell,
- And its the element in group 4 ,
- It occupies the central position in the periodic table,
- It has a valency of 4 and forms stable bond with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and halogen.
- Base on the position it occupies in the periodic table and the number of electron it has in it's outermost shell it forms 4 covalent bond, therefore leaves no valence electron unshared.

Manthym ✍️

Why should the chemistry of carbon among the entire elements in the periodic table be studied separately???

the answer to this question lies in the fact that carbon compounds by far outnumber all other compounds of other elements put together. Carbon is able to form such numerous compounds because of the following reasons:

1) Catenation
This is the ability of carbon atom to form stable compounds containing Long chains and rings of carbon-carbon atoms. Example is the thousands of hydrocarbons.

2) Isomerism
Isomerism is the ability of carbon atom to be arranged in two or more different ways to form many different compounds.

The Ability of carbon to catenate is due to the fact that carbon-carbon bond is very stable, as stable as carbon-oxygen bond for example. If we re to take silicon-silicon bond , as comparison. it is less stable than silicon-oxygen bond . Hence, catenated silicon compounds are less stable than SiO2, and therefore, do not exist in nature.

To be continue.....

Manthym ✍️

BRIEF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

The earliest and important carbon containing compound substance recognized were sugar ,oil ,urea , glucose, and acetic acid and even cane sugar were all extracted from plants and animals.

Since then it was believed that they could not be synthesized in the laboratory. German chemist, Fredrick Wohler in 1828, synthesized the first organic compound in the laboratory ( Urea). Since then over a million different organic compound had been prepared .

NH4+ + CNO ----> CO (NH4)2

Feel free to make correction once observed 🙏🙏🙏

Organic chemistry can simple be defined as the chemistry that deals with the study of physical and chemical behavior of carbon compound with the exception of oxide ( CO & CO2) , Carbonate and carbide (CaC2). The study involves properties, preparation, structure and reaction with exceptions of compound mention above.

Carbon can not be compound with itself looking at the millions of compound that contains carbon. It needs some elements to form compound, the common elements are Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and halogen .

It sometimes react with heavy metals like iron (Fe²+) and Manganese (Mn) to form complex that have double properties of organic and inorganic properties.

Note :
If you find a any mistake please help with the correction

Introduction to Organic Chemistry

​Organic chemistry is a vast and fundamental branch of chemistry that is primarily defined as the study of carbon-containing compounds. Carbon's unique ability to form strong, stable bonds with itself and with a variety of other elements (like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens) allows for the creation of an immense number of complex molecules, which are the basis of all known life.