Hausa A Rubuce

Rubutun Ajami a Ƙasar Hausa
Gabatarwa
Rubutun ajami, salon rubutu ne da Bahaushe ya samar daga harrufan Larabci. Wannan salon rubutu yana ɗaya daga cikin daɗaɗɗun hanyoyin rubutu da aka yi amfani da ita a Ƙasar Hausa. Zarruƙ, Kafin Hausa, da Al-Hassan (1987), sun ce an haura sama da shekaru ɗari da hamsin ana amfani da wannan hanya ta rubutun ajami a Ƙasar Hausa kafin zuwan rubutun boko. Mashahuran malaman Musulunci na ƙarni na goma sha tara kamar irin su Mujadaddi Shehu Ɗanfodiyo da almajiransa, sun yi amfani da wannan salon rubutu wajen rubuta littattafai da waƙoƙi.

Farfesa Bunza (2002), ya fassara shi da cewa, “ajami na nufin rubutun harshen Hausa cikin harufan Larabci”.

Dangane da yaushe ne kuma a ina aka fara yin rubutun ajami kuwa, masana fannin Hausa sun yi rubuce-rubuce masu yawa kowa da nasa ra’ayin. Farfesa Bunza (2002), yana ganin cewa rubutun ajami ya wanzu a Ƙasar Hausa tun kafin zuwan Musulunci, ta in da ya kafa hujjoji da zuwan Bayajidda, da kuma dangantakar cinikayya da ta sarauta da ta wanzu tsakanin Ƙasar Hausa da kuma Ƙasashen Larabawa.

Shi kuwa Ɗanmasanin Kano, Alhaji (Dr.) Yusuf Maitama Sule, ya bayyana cewa malam Ɗanmasani na Katsina shi ne ya ƙirƙiro rubutun ajami na Hausa. A wannan ra'ayi nasa yau kenan ana lissafa shekarun ajami kusan shekaru ɗari bakwai kenan.

Sai dai, wani abu da ya fito fili shi ne cewa yaɗuwar addinin Musulunci a Ƙasar Hausa ta taimaka gaya wajen shaharar wannan salo na rubutu. Sannan kuma ya bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen ci gaban rubutu a cikin harshen Hausa.

Wata 'Yar Wasiƙa Cikin Rubutun Ajami
أَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَبَرَكَاتُهُ
مَلَمْ مُوْدِيْ يَ اِيَلِيْ؟ اِنَفَتَنْ كُوْمَيْ دَ كُوْمَيْ نَتَفِيَ دَيْدَيْ؟
بَيَنْ حَكَ، نَرُبُوتُو مَكَ وَنْنَنْ وَسِقَرْ دَنْ نَ تَمْبَيِ لَفِيَرْكَ دَ تَ اِيَلِنْكَ. سَنْ نَنْ كُمَ نَ تُنَتَرْ دَكَيْ مَغَنَرْ تَفِيَرْ مُ دَكَيْ ذُوَ عَيْكِنْ حَجِ دَغَ وَنْنَنْ وَتَنْ سَوْرَ وَتَ عَكَ. اِنَ فَتَ ذَكَ ذَمَ ثِكِنْ شِرِ، دَمُنْ ذُو غَرِيكَ وُثِي وَ ذَ

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SUNAYEN HAUSAWA DA MA’ANONINSU.

TANKO: Yaron da aka haifa bayan mata.
KANDE: Yarinyar da aka haifa bayan maza.
KILISHI: Yarinyar da aka fara haifa babanta ya samu sarauta.
BARAU: Yaron da aka haifa ya rayu, amma an haifa wasu kafin shi ba su rayu ba.
SAMBO: Yaron da aka haifa bayan maza da yawa.
TALLE: Yaron/yarinya da mahaifiya ta rasu tana gama haihuwa.
AUDI: Yaron/yarinyar da mahaifi ya rasu kafin a haife. MIJIN-YAWA: Yaron da aka haifa dukkanin kakannin sa suna raye.
DIKKO: Yaron da aka fara haifa (Dan fari).
SHEKARAU: Yaron da ya shekara a ciki
MAIWADA: Yaron da aka haifa iyaye suna cikin wadata.
GAMBO: Yaron/yarinyar da aka haifa bayan tagwaye.
CINDO: Yaron/yarinyar da aka haifa da yatsu shida.
MARKA: Yarinyar da aka haifa lokacin marka-marka.
ALHAJI: Yaron da aka haifa lokacin aikin haji.
AZUMI: Yaron/yarinyar da aka haifa lokacin azumi.
SARKI: Yaron da aka sama sunan sarki.

SUNAYEN NA’URORIN BATURE DA AKA CANZA MASU SUNA ZUWA HAUSA.

Ford = Hodi
Bedford = Bilhodi
Mercedes = Marsandi
Peugeot = Fijo
Volkswagen = Besuwaja
Volkswagen Beetle = Ladi ba duwawu
Fiat = Fet
Austin = Ostan-Ostan
Bus = Kiya-kiya (borrowed from Yoruba)
Station wagon = Dafa-duka
1973 Mercedes-Benz W114/W115 = Bagobira
1982 Toyota Corolla = Bana ba harka
Hatchback/coupe = ‘Yar kumbula
Long bus = Safa
Ten-wheel = Tangul
Mercedes 911 truck = Roka
Mercedes 1413-1414 truck = Bargazal
Mercedes 1312 (and similar sizes) truck = ‘Yar Fakas
Max Diesel = ‘Yar Rasha (Kirar Kurma)
Man Diesel (12-Wheeler) = Kwamanda
Truck with wooden body = Shorido
Hearse = Motar gawa
Towing van = Janwe
Tractor = Tantan
Trailer = Titiri
Pick-up van = A kori kura
Bulldozer = Katafila

SUNAYEN WASU YANKUNA DA HAUSA.

Ibadan = Badun
South West Nigeria = Kurmi
Port Harcourt = Fatakwal
Onitsha = Anacha
Africa = Afirka
America = Amurka
Turkey = Turkiyya
Istanbul = Santabul
Parsia = Fasha
Russia = Rasha
Germany = Jamus
Britain = Birtaniya
Sierra

TAMBAYA
An raba jimloli zuwa gida biyu ta fuskar tsari da kuma ta fuskar aikinsu. Yi bayani cikakke tare da kawo rabe-raben kowanne kashi.
GABATARWA:
Jimla, Balarabiyar kalma ce da aka Hausantar da ita ( ). Ma'anar ta ɗaya ce a dukkan harsunan guda biyu; tana nufin jerin kalmomi watan da suke bayar da cikakkiyar ma'ana ga mai sauraro. Zarruƙ, kafin Hausa da Alhassan (2010), Sun ce: "Jimla jerin kalmomi ne masu alaƙa a wajen tsari waɗanda kuma suke alaƙa a wajen tsari waɗanda kuma suke bayyana wata manufa cikakkiya"
Misali:
a- Garba Mutum ne ƙaƙƙarfa.
b- Kaji biyar ne a cikin akurki.
c- Binta da Delu suna girki.
d- Barira ta wanke riga.
e- Bello yakan tafi makaranta da wuri.o
Bari mu duba mu gani, ko waɗannan jimloli da na kawo a sama sun cika ma'aunan da s**a zo a cikin ma'anar jimla.
GUNDARIN AIKI:
Rabe-Raben Jimla.
Masana Harshen Hausa sun rarraba jimloli zuwa rabe-rabe da dama gwargwadon fahimta.
An raba jimla ta fuskar tsari da kuma ta fuskar aikinsu kamar haka:
(1) TA FUSKAR TSARI:
1. Sassauƙar jimla
2. Sarƙaƙƙiyar jimla
3. Harɗaɗɗiyar jimla
(1) SASSAUƘAR JIMLA: An raba sauƙaƙƙiyar jimla ta fuskoki kamar haka:
Sassauƙar jimla ita ce jimlar da take ɗauke da sassan jimla biyu kacal; yankin suna da yankin bayani (aiki). Dukkan misalan jimlolin da na kawo a gabatawa ta sauƙaƙan jimloli ne. sai dai sun kasu zuwa jimla mai aikatau da kuma maras aikatau. Abin nufi, sassauƙar jimla mai aikatau da kuma sassauƙar jimla maras aikatau.
Sassauƙar jimla mai Aikatau: Ita ce jimlar da take ɗauke da kalmar aiki ko aikatau ko kuma aka aikata wani aiki a cikinta, wanda yake fita a yankin bayani na cikin jimlar.
Misali:
a. Barira ta wanke riga
b. Binta da Delu suna girki.
A nan kalmomin wanke da girki duk kalmomin aikatau ne.
Sassauƙar jimla Maras Aikatau: Ita ce jimlar da babu aikatau acikin yankin bayaninta.
Misali:
a. Garba mutum ne ƙarƙarfa.
b. Kaji biyar ne a cikin akurki.
A nan kuma, jimlolin da muka bayar a sama, jim

INA HAUSAWAN NA AINIHI SU KE NE?
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Ma su karin magana na cewa: "Akwai Hausawa, kuma akwai Yausawa," "A tankade a bushe, don a raba tsaki da gari," "Sai an daka an surfe ake raba hatsi da dusa."

Don a banbance tsantsar Bahaushe da "mu na Bahaushe," ga wasu tambayoyi da su ka danganci adabin Hausa:

1. Wane suna ake kiran mace mai yayye mata da yawa?
2. Wane suna ake kiran mace mai yayye maza da yawa?
3. Wane suna ake kiran namiji mai yayye mata da yawa?
4. Wane suna ake kiran namiji mai yayye maza da yawa?
5. Wane suna ake kiran ko wacce mace cikin mata hudu a gidan mijinsu?
6. Mene ne kirarin ko wace rana cikin ranaku bakwai na mako?
7. Me nene sunayen watanni 12 na shekarar Hijriyya da Hausa?
8. Me nene sunayen watanni 12 na shekarar Miladiyya da Hausa?
9. Me nene laƙabin ko wace rana cikin ranaku 7 na mako?
10. Wanne ne laƙabi:- shekaru 2 da s**a wuce, shekara 1 da ta wuce, shekara ta yanzu, shekara mai zuwa, shekaru da yawa masu zuwa?

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Ga amsoshi nan su na biye:

1. Hakama, Gwamma, Hama.
2. Kande, Delu, Duduwa.
3. Tanko, Mato, Gudaji.
4. Dabo, Sambo, Yero.
5. Uwargida, Turaki, Leka Tukunya, Amarya.
6. Litinin ranar aiki, ko da Nasara na tsoronki.
Talata, kina biye da Litinin wajen hada aiki.
Laraba, ta Bawa ranar samu.
Alhamis, jajiberen Juma'a.
Juma'a, Haji babbar rana.
Asabar, ranar hutun 'yan boko.
Lahadi, ranar hutun mishan.
7. Al-Muharram/Watan Cika-ciki
Safar/Watan Zafi
Rabi'ul Awwal/Watan Takutaha
Rabi'ul Thani/Watan Rabi-Rabi
Jimadal-Ula/Tagwan Farkon
Jimadal-Thani/Tagwan Karshe
Rajab/Watan Azumin Tsofaffi
Sha'ban/Watan Sallar Tsofaffi
Ramadan/Watan Azumin Duk Gari
Shawwal/Watan Sallah Ƙaramar
Zul-Qida/Watan Bawa
Zul-Hijja/Watan Sallah Babba.
8. January/Janairu
February/Fabrairu
March/Maris
April/Afrilu
May/Mayu
June/Yuni
July/Yuli
August/Agusta
September/Satumba
October/Oktoba
November/Nuwamba
Dec