M A Iyam's Blog

Chapter 8: Output: from new maps to
enhanced decisions
An understanding of the basic principles of map
design is essential for the effective communication of
information and ideas in map form. In addition, an
understanding of the complexity of the map design
process helps appreciation of the power of maps as
a visualization tool. This chapter considers the
advantages and disadvantages of cartographic and
non-cartographic output. In the conclusion to this
chapter there is a brief discussion of the role of GIS
output in supporting decision making.

Chapter 7: Analytical modelling in GIS
This chapter provides a summary of process models
before considering how they can be implemented in
GIS. These models are then approached from an
applications perspective, and three examples are
examined: physical process models; human process
models and decision-making models. To conclude,
the chapter considers some of the advantages and
disadvantages of using GIS to construct spatial
process models.

Chapter 6: Data analysis
Methods for making measurements and performing
queries in GIS are introduced in this chapter.
Proximity, neighbourhood and reclassification functions are outlined, then methods for integrating data
using overlay functions explained. Interpolation
techniques (used for the prediction of data at
unknown locations) are introduced and the analysis
of surfaces and networks considered. Finally, analysis
of quantitative data is reviewed.

Chapter 5: Data input and editing
This chapter gives an overview of the process of creat￾ing an integrated GIS. It takes us from source data
through data encoding, to editing and on to manipula￾tory operations such as re-projection, transformation,
and rubber sheeting. The chapter provides examples of
how these processes are carried out, and highlights
issues pertinent to the successful implementation of a
GIS application.

Chapter 4: Database management
This chapter introduces the methods available for
handling attribute data in GIS. The need for formal
methods for database management is discussed. The
principles and implementation of a relational database
model are considered in detail, since this model is the
most frequently used in current GIS. Database options
for large-scale users are presented, including the use
of centralized and distributed database systems.
Finally, a brief introduction to the object-oriented
approach to database management is provided.

Chapter 3: Spatial data modelling
How do you model spatial form in the computer?
This chapter considers in detail how the basic spatial
entities (points, lines and areas) can be represented
using two different approaches: raster and vector.
Two other entity types that allow the modelling of
more complex spatial features (networks and surfaces) are introduced. Finally, modelling of three and four-dimensional spatial data is reviewed.

A review of how the traditional map-making process
shapes these characteristics is presented. The three
basic spatial entity types (points, lines and areas),
which form the basic building blocks of most GIS
applications, are introduced. Maps and a range of
other sources of spatial data are reviewed.

Chapter 2: Spatial data
This chapter looks at the distinction between data
and information and identifies the three main
dimensions of data (temporal, thematic and spatial).
The main characteristics of spatial data are described.

Chapter 1: What is GIS?
This chapter provides an overview of GIS. It exam￾ines what GIS is, what it can do and, in brief, how it
works. The chapter starts by looking at the types of
generic questions GIS can answer and expands on
these with reference to a series of case studies which
are then used throughout the rest of the book. GIS
is then defined, and a range of issues and ideas asso￾ciated with its use identified. Much of the material
introduced in this chapter will be covered in more details later.

Ramadan Mubarak

TGIF

A teacher entered a classroom and said, "let every fool stand up!" None of them stood, but later one pupil stood up and the teacher asked why he stood. Then the boy said, "sir, it just touched my heart when i saw that u ar the only fool standing up so i decided to join u."
😅😅😅😀😀🙆🏾🙆🏾🙆🏾