Gina Manhaja

"Kirkirar app ba kawai rubuta code bane—yana bukatar hangen nesa, jajircewa, da kuma kudade don tafiyar dashi."

A great app isn’t just built with code—it needs vision, persistence, and the right resources to grow.

In Hausa

"Kirkirar app ba kawai rubuta code bane—yana bukatar hangen nesa, jajircewa, da kuma kudade don tafiyar dashi."

Eid Mubarak!

ALLAH Ya maimaita mana, amin. 😊😊

JAVA: 5e (Continuation)
A yau zamu kawo karshen darasin gabatarwa akan API na java. Eh gabatarwa, saboda akwai ayyuka dayawa da akeyi da API na Java kamar yadda na lissafo ginshikansu a darasin baya; (irinsu daukan murya, daukan bidiyo, auna zafin rana da sauransu).
A darasin daya gabata munga yadda ake amfani da API na scanner wajan karbar bayanai, sai dai manhajar tamu tana da matsala wajan karbar bayanan; Na bukaci me karatu yayi kokarin gyara matsalar da take ciki sannan ayi commenting na amsar, sai dai kash! Harya zuwa wannan darasin banga wanda yayi kokarin hakan ba. Zanso ayanzu mai karatu ya koma baya yayi kokarin gyarawa saboda karatun programming baya yiwuwa inhar ba’a practice (gwadawa).
Idan muna bukatar karbar duka sunan, sai muyi amfani da statement da yake karbar layin duka (wato “nextLine()”), kamar haka [duba hoto me lamba 62];

// Declaring na variable nau’in string
// Inkiyar “sunanUser”
String sunanUser;

// Sanar da user bayanan da zai shigar
System.out.print(“Yaya sunank(a/i)? “);

// Karba da ajje kalma daya (kalmar farko), daga cikin
// bayanan da user zai shigar
sunanUser = shigarDa.nextLine();

// Yanzu zamu iya amfani dashi dai dai da yadda variable
// Misali, fito dashi ta output
System.out.println(sunanUser);

Sai dai ni akan kaina, nafi son hade declaration da initializing na variable musamman a irin wannan yanayin. Kamar haka;

// Declaring na variable hadeda initializing da bayanan da user ya shigar
String sunanUser = shigarDa.nextLine();

Zamu iya ganin bayanan da user ya shigar kamar dai yadda muka saba da variable, kamar haka:

System.out.print(sunanUser);

Ko kuma mu sa manhaja ta gaidashi kamar haka:

System.out.print(“Barka da wannan lokaci, “);
System.out.println(sunanUser);

Duba hoto me lamba 60 dan ganin sakamakon ta output. Zamu iya amfani da statement na output guda daya shima;

System.out.println(“Barka da wannan lokaci, “ + sunanUser);

Wannan kenan, dan karbar lambar integer ko double sai ayi amfani da “nextInt()” ko “nextDouble()”.

Yazuwa yanzu code dinmu zai kasance kamar haka;

package com.ginamanhaja;
import java.util.Scanner;
class GinaManhaja {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// Instantiating na API din scanner
Scanner shigarDa = new Scanner(System.in);

// Sanar da user kalar bayanin da zai shigar
System.out.print(“Shigar da sunank(a/i): “);

// Declaring da initializing da bayanan da user zai shigar
String sunanUser = shigarDa.nextLine();

// Gaida/gaisheda user
System.out.println(“Barka da warhaka, “ + sunanUser);

}
}

Sai dai sau tari dan tabbatar da user ya shigar da bayanan da ake bukata, programmer yana bukatar ya duba bayanan da user ya shigar, hakan yana yiwu ta hanyar amfani da “conditional statement”, Menene conditional statement? Yaya yake aiki? Yaya ake amfani dashi?
Ku biyuni darasin gaba dan samun amsar wannan tambayoyi dama wasu maka mantansu.

JAVA: D505

(5e) Amfani da API (Karbar Bayanai)
Bayan anyi declaration da initializing na API ko kuma kai tsaye nace instantiating na API, za’a iya karbar bayanai kala-kala daga wajan user, ga wasu daga cikin hanyoyin da ake karbar bayanai da API na scanner:
- Dan karbar kalma daya tak, ana amfani da “next()”
- Dan karbar layi daya, ana amfani da “nextLine()”
- Dan karbar lamba intija (integer) ana amfani da “nextInt()”
- Dan karbar lamba dobil (double) ana amfani da “nextDouble()”
Akwai wasu daban bayyanasu ba, saboda ba’a fiya amfani da su ba!

Idan mai karatu zai iya tunawa a darasin baya mun tsaya akan code dayake instantiating na API din Scanner instantiating kamar haka:

// Instantiating na scanner
Scanner shigarDa = new Scanner(System.in);

“shigarDa” shine lakabin da muka sawa API din scanner; dan haka dashi zamuke amfani tareda daya daga cikin hanyoyin da na lissafa a sama dan karbar bayanai daga wajan user, Misali:

// Dan karbar kalma daya
shigarDa.next();

Wannan code zai bawa user damar shigar da String zuwa manhajarmu; To amma idan kun kula user bai san meze shigarba, zamu iya amfani da statement na output dan sanar da user kalar bayanan da muke bukata:

// Sanar da user bayanan da ake bukata ya shigar
System.out.print(“Shigar da sunan k(a/i): ”);

// Karbar kalma daya daga cikin bayanan da user ya shigar
shigarDa.next();

Idan Compiler tazo kan wannan statement din zata jira har sai user ya shigar da bayanai ya kuma danna maballin “Enter”, Sai dai inaso kula sosai, Java-N-IDE tana da yar matsala wajan karbar bayanai daga wajan user, Kamar yadda na fada (a ka’ida idan user ya shigar da bayanai zai danna maballin “Enter” sau daya dan sanar da manhaja cewa ya gama shigar da bayanan);
To amma ita Java-N-IDE akwai lokutan da sai an danna sau “Biyu”. Yaya ake ganewa?
Daga sama bayan sunan file (anamu misalin “GinaManhaja.java” Compiler ta nuna halin/yanayin da manhajar mu take ciki wanda bature yake kira da “Status (sitatus)” [Duba saman hoto me lamba 57]; Daga cikin status da take nunawa akwai:
1. Running (ranin): wanda yake nufin Compiler tana gwada/gudanarda manhajarmu. Ma’ana compiler tana bin code din manhajarmu tana gudanar da duk abubuwan da muka umarceta da yinsu. [duba hoto me lamba 58]
2. Stopped (sitofd): wanda yake nufin compiler ta gama gwada manhajar mu. Ma’ana compiler ta gama bin dukkan abubuwan da muka umarceta dayinsu. [duba hoto me lamba 59]

Yadda ake ganewa shine idan status ya nuna running kuma ya tsaya, wannan yana nufin compiler tana bukatar user ya shigar da wasu bayanai domin manhjarmu tayi aiki dasu.
Idan kuma ta nuna stopped to ko user ya shigar da bayanai bazasu amfanu ga manhajarmu ba. Ha’ilau dai, wannan matsalace da Java-N-IDE take dauke da ita, idan aka gwada manhajar a computer to za’a fahimci ita bata karbar komai inhar ta nuna stopped a status na manhajar.
Idan kun fahimci wannan, yanzu mun bawa user damar yasa bayanai, to a halin yanzu bayan user ya shigar da bayanansa misali “Na shigar da sunan wannan shafin Gina Manhaja” [Duba hoto me lamba 59], Sai dai ba wani abu daya nuna a output, to ina bayanan suke tafiya?
Ainashin tambayar itace, Yaya zamu amfani bayanan da user ya shigar? Amsar a bude take, ita dai manhaja bata yin komai harsai munce tayi, dan haka, idan muna son ajje bayanan dan amfani dasu sai muyi amfani da variable mu ajje, munsan idan muka zuba bayanan acikin variable zamu iya amfani dasu a duk lokacin da muke so, Kamar haka [duba hoto me lamba 60]

// Declaring na variable nau’in string
// Inkiyar “sunanUser”
String sunanUser;

// Sanar da user bayanan da zai shigar
System.out.print(“Shigar da sunan k(a/i): “);

// Karba da ajje kalma daya (kalmar farko), daga cikin
// bayanan da user zai shigar
sunanUser = shigarDa.next();

// Yanzu zamu iya amfani dashi dai dai da yadda muke amfani da variable
// Misali, fito dashi ta output
System.out.println(sunanUser);

Daga Hoto me lamba 61, rubutu mai launin kore shine wanda aka shigar lokacin da compiler ta bada damar a shigar da bayanai. Rubutu mai launin fari kuma shine wanda compiler ta karba ta ajje a cikin variable;
Me karatu zai iya kula da yadda compiler ta karbi sunan farko daga cikin sunaye biyu dana jerasu a layi guda. Wannan ya tabbatar mana cewa lallai statement na next() kalma daya kawai yake karba ya zubar da sauran.
A wannan lokaci zanso auna fahimtar mai karatu; Inaso mai karatu ya/ta rubuta a comment na wannan darasi, yadda za’a karbi duka kalmomin da user ya shigar, ya fito dashi ta output.

Ku kasance da shafin dan ganin yadda za'a gyara wannan matsalar.

JAVA: D504
(5d) Initializing na API din Scanner
Kamar yadda na fara bayani a darasin da ya gabata, ana declaration na API da sunan da aka shigo dashi a matsayin nau’in aiki sabanin na variable da akeyi da nau’in bayanan da ze iya dauka.
Initializing na API yana da bambanci kadan dana variable, saboda amaimakon initializing da bayanan da akeson zubawa variable ana initializing da “new Scanner(System.in);” kamar haka;

// new Scanner(System.in);

Tunda API na scanner yana aiki kala-kala, amfanin “System.in” acikin statement din shine yake sanar da nau’in aikin da mukeson API yayi mana! Ku sani wannan statement din yana umartar kwamfailane ta karbi bayanai daga user (mai amfani da manhaja). Dan haka, initializing dinmu na API din scanner zai kasance [duba hoto me lamba 55];

// Initializing na API din Scanner
shigarDa = new Scanner(System.in);

Haka ake initializing na API din Scanner aduk lokacin da ake bukatar karbar bayanai daga wajan user; abinda ya rage shine amfani dashi (wato sanar da kwamfaila ta fara karbar bayanan).
Idan baku mantaba, ana iya hade declaration da initializing na variable a layi daya, shima API zamu iya hadewa kamar haka [duba hoto me lamba 56]:

// Instantiating na scanner
Scanner shigarDa = new Scanner(System.in);

Zanke amfani da wannan hanyar kasancewar tafi sauki kuma tafi kyan rubutawa.
Declaration da initializing na API shi akafi sani da “instantiating”, a darasin class/object zamu tattauna sosai akan instantiating.

JAVA: D503
(5c) Declaration Na API din Scanner
Ana amfani da sunan API da aka shigo dashi cikin manhaja wajan declaring na API; Misali [duba hoto me lamba 54]:

// Declaration na API din scanner
Scanner shigarDa;

Dafatan mai karatu ya kula da kaman-ceceniya da declaring na API yake da sauran declaration na variable!

// Declaration na variable nau’in String
String sunanUser;
Kowannensu ana fara rubuta nau’insa sannan kuma sunan da muka zabama muka sa, kamar yadda kuka sani string dolene nau’insa ya kasance na string to haka shima nau’in API dolene ya kasance na API; Abaya mun shigo da API mai suna Scanner, anan kuma munyi delaring nashi da sunansa (Scanner). Kazalika, API baya ajje kowane irin nau’in bayani saina aiki/aikatau!
Karbar bayanai da mukeso manhajarmu takeyi, daukan hoto, daukan murya (recording), daukan video harma da kiyasta adadin zafin wani abu kamar zafin rana, daukan hasken guri da sauransu duka nau’ikane na aikatau da manhajarmu zata iya yimana.

A darasin da zaizo zan nuna yadda ake initializing na API din Scanner.

JAVA: D502
(5b) Yaya Ake Amfani API?
Darasin mu na baya na nuna muku yadda ake shigo da API cikin manhaja, awannan darasi zaku ga yadda ake amfani da API na scanner domin karɓar input daga wajan user; a karshen wannan darasi zamu gina manhaja da zata bawa mutum dama yasa sunansa da kansa, dan manhajar ta gaidashi.
Mu gwada manhajar tamu (daga code na darasin baya) a haka mugani; hoto me lamba 53 ne ke nuna sakamakon, ta output (awutfut), idan mai karatu ya kula da kyau, zai fahimci yadda kwamfaila take tunatar damu cewa “munsata ta shigo da API na scanner kamar yadda muka bukata amma bamuyi amfani da shiba!”
Domin amfani da API, dolene sai anyi declaration (dikilareshin) da initializing (inishiyalaizin) nashi kusan yadda ake yiwa variable. Mai karatu zai iya tunowa da yadda ake declaration da initializing na variable daga darusanmu na baya!
Tunatarwa: Ga wadanda basu san me declaration ko initializing ke nufiba ina baku shawarar komawa ku karanta darusan baya.
Yanzu an fahimci cewa, shigo da API baya nufin anyi amfani dashi har sai munyi declaration da initializing na API din.

Java: D501
(5a) Gabatarwa akan API
Me karatu ze iya tuna amfanin kwamfaila, daga cikin amfaninta akwai baiwa programmers (Magina Manhaja) damar gina manhaja cikin sauƙi; To amma tayaya?
Wanda s**a ƙirƙiro Java basu barta hakaba, sun hadata da ƙananun manhajojin wanda za’a iya amfani dasu wajan mu’amala da sassan dake jikin na’urori kala-kala, kamar su;
- Sashen sauraro wato ɓangaren Speaker (sifika)
- Sashen ɗaukan magana
- Sashen ɗaukan hoto wato Cemara (kyamara)
- Sashen gani wato Screen (sikirin)
- Sashen ajjewa da amfani da bayanai wayo Storage (Ma’ajiya/Kwakwalwa)
- Sashen karɓar rubutu wato Keyboard (Maɓallai/Madannai na na’ura)
- Sashen mu’amala da yanar gizo-gizo da saurasu.
ta yadda Programmers zasu sami damar maida hankali akan ginin manhajar da sukeso su gina batare da ɓata musu lokaci ba wajan gina ƙananun manhajojinnan.
Ƙananun manhajojin da muke Magana akansu sune ake kira da API; Kalmar API an samotane daga haruffan farko na kalmomin turanci guda uku; Application-Programming-Interface (Aflikeshin-Furogiramin-Intafes), a wasu lokutan anawa API laƙabi da library (laibirari), wasu lokutan kuma package (fakeg).
A duk lokacin da kuke buƙatar amfani da ɗaya daga cikin jerin API na Java, abinda ake buƙata kawai shine ku sanar da kwamfaila ta shigo muku dashi cikin manhajar da kuke ginawa dan samun damar mu’amala da sashen da kuke buƙata na na’ura.
Kafin na nuna muku yadda ake amfani da API, ga yadda ake shigo da API cikin manhajar da kuke ginawa [duba hoto me lamba 52]:

package com.ginamanhaja;

import java.util.Scanner;

class GinaManhaja {
public static void main (String[] args) {
// …
}
}

Kamar yadda kuka gani, layi na ukune ke ɗauke da statement na shigo da API cikin manhajar;
-- Kalmar “import” (imfot); ce take sanar da Java cewa muna so ta shigo mana da API cikin manhajarmu.
-- Kalmar “java.util.Scanner” kuma, tana nuna sunan API ɗin da kuma inda yake, a wannan misalin API na Scanner (sikana).
API na scanner yana bawa programmer (mai gina manhaja) damar karɓar rubutu daga Maɓallan na’ura, kamar haruffa ko lambobi ko alamomin rubutu da makamantansu. Da wannan API zamu iya karɓar input (infut) wato bawa user (me amfani da manhajar mu) damar sa bayanansa da kanshi, kamar suna, shekaru, unguwa da sauransu.
Anan zan tsaya, tunda ina da ƙarfin gwaiwar mai karatu ya/ta gane:
::: Menene API
::: Yadda ake shigo da API cikin manhaja “import java.util.Scanner;”
::: Gane daidai inda/gurin da ake rubuta statement na shigo da API
::: Amfanin API na scanner

Da wannan nake cewa mu hadu a API kashi na biyu inda zamu fara karɓar input daga wajan users.

Telegram: Contact @GinaManhajaDaCpp

Java: D406 (ii)
ii. Lissafi da bariyabil:
Zamu iya lissafi da lambobin da muka zuba a cikin bariyabil. Misali [duba hoto me lamba 51];

int yawanMutane = 6;
int adadinAyaba = 18;
int adadinLemo = 24;

// Rabawa
// Lamba da lamba
System.out.println(24 / 6); // 4

// Lamba da bariyabil
System.out.println(24 / yawanMutane); // 4

// Bariyabil da lamba
System.out.println(adadinLemo / 6); // 4

// Bariyabil da bariyabil
System.out.println(adadinLemo / yawanMutane); // 4

// Tarawa
System.out.println(adadinAyaba + adadinLemo); // 42

Da wannan salo zamu iya lissafi da lambobin da suke cikin bariyabil; zamu iya Tarawa, daukewa, rabawa dasauransu. Bayan haka zamu iya zuba amsar lissafi a cikin bariyabil kamar haka [duba hoto me lamba 51];

// Jumullar kayan gwari (adadin Ayaba + adadin Lemo)
int kayanGwari = adadinAyaba + adadinLemo;
System.out.println(kayanGwari); // 42

Munga kadan daga cikin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa bariyabil, a darasin gaba zamu ga yadda ake karbar bayanai bayan an gama gina manhaja kuma a sarrafasu yadda ake bukata.

Java: D406
(4f) Amfani da bariyabil #2
Amfanin bariyabil ya wuce a lissafa; idan babu bariyabil bazai yiwu a gina mafi yawancin manhajojin da muke amfani dasu ba! Bariyabilne yake bawa manhaja damar karbar bayanan da babusu lokacin da aka gina manhajar kuma ta sarrafasu (bayanan da ta karba) daidai gwargwadon yadda aka tsaramata.
Munga kadan daga cikin amfanin bariyabil a darusan da s**a gabata, a wannan darasi zamu ci gaba da ganin yadda ake aiki da sarrafa bariyabil a cikin manhaja;

i. Konkatineshin (Concatenation):
Konkatineshin hanyace da ake fitar da zallar bayanai (buliyan, dobil, intija ko sitiring) da kuma bayanan da suke cikin bariyabil lokaci daya (1) kuma a hade.
Anayin konkatineshin ta hanyar amfani da alamar Tarawa ( + ) a tsakanin zallar bayanai (buliyan, dobil, intija ko sitiring) da wani, ko kuma bayanai da bariyabil ko bariyabil da bariyabil.
Misali, muduba bayanan da muka dauka na wata makaranta; Rubuta iyakar bayanan da suke cikin bariyabil bazai wadatar ba! Kasancewar a awutfut baza aga komai ba face bayanan da suke cikin bariyabil kamar haka:

Kazaure
Bello A. Saminu
Bilal Aminu
106
734
7632

Zaifi a awutfut din shima muga ma’anar bayanan kowane bariyabil, misali:
Karamar Hukuma: Kazaure
Shugaban Hukuma: Bello A. Saminu
Shugaban Ilimi: Bilal Aminu
Adadin Makarantu: 106
Adadin Malamai: 734
Adadin Dalibai: 7632

Za’afi gane wannan akan na farko, tunda kafin kowane bayanin da bariyabil ya kunsa akwai ma’anarsa. Duk da cewa za’a iya cimma wannan buri ta hanyar amfani da sitetiment na firint kala biyu kamar haka [duba hoto me lamba 49];

System.out.print(“Karamar Hukuma: “);
System.out.println(karamarHukuma);
// Karamar Hukuma: Kazaure

System.out.print(“Shugaban Hukuma: “);
System.out.println(shugabanHukuma);
// Shugaban Hukuma: Bello A. Saminu

System.out.print(“Shugaban Ilimi: “);
System.out.println(shugabanIlimi);
// Shugaban Ilimi: Bilal Aminu

System.out.print(“Adadin Makarantu: “);
System.out.println(adadinMakarantu);
// Adadin Makarantu: 106

System.out.print(“Adadin Malamai: “);
System.out.println(adadinMalamai);
// Adadin Malamai: 734

System.out.print(“Adadin Dalibai: “);
System.out.println(adadinDalibai);
// Adadin Dalibai: 7632
Eh, balaifi idan akayi amfani da wannan hanyar, amma zaifi ayi amfani da konkatineshin kamar haka [duba hoto me lamba 50];

System.out.println(“Karamar Hukuma: “ + karamarHukuma);
System.out.println(“Shugaban Hukuma: “ + shugabanHukuma);
System.out.println(“Shugaban Ilimi: “ + shugabanIlimi);
System.out.println(“Adadin Makarantu: “ + adadinMakarantu);
System.out.println(“Adadin Malamai: “ + adadinMalamai);
System.out.println(“Adadin Dalibai: “ + adadinDalibai);

// Karamar Hukuma: Kazaure
// Shugaban Hukuma: Bello A. Saminu
// Shugaban Ilimi: Bilal Aminu
// Adadin Makarantu: 106
// Adadin Malamai: 734
// Adadin Dalibai: 7632

Wannan hanyar da nayi amfani da konkatineshin tafi ma’ana da tsari, sannan na rage yawan koddin saboda amfani da nayi da sitetiment na firint guda daya tak dan fitar da kowane bariyabil da ma’anarsa.
A darasin gaba wanda zaizo da misalin karfe 10:00PM na darenJuma'a 12/11/2021, zanmu duba yadda ake sarrafa bariyabil wajan yin lissafi.

Ku kasance da shafin