29/09/2026
Here is a clean, demo-ready Behaviour Based Safety model you can use for training, toolbox talk, or your page.
The BBS Tree - How to Explain It
Think of BBS like a tree. If the roots are weak, the tree falls.
1. ROOTS - Foundation (What must exist first)
Management Commitment: Visible leadership, resources, no blame culture
Safety Policy & Procedures: Clear SOPs, risk assessments, PTW
Training & Competence: People know the safe way
Without these, any observation program will fail.
2. TRUNK - Core
Positive Safety Culture & Employee Ownership: This is the heart of BBS. It's not the HSE officer watching people. It's everyone watching out for everyone. This aligns with the classic Safety Triad concept of Person, Behavior, and Environment.
3. BRANCHES - The 6 Pillars of the Process
These are what you actually DO:
Branch 1: Identify Critical Behaviors
List 5-10 behaviours that cause 90% of your incidents. Eg: eyes on path, line of fire, bypassing guards, not wearing goggles.
Branch 2: Observation & Measurement
Peer-to-peer, short, anonymous observations. Not audits to punish.
Branch 3: Feedback & Coaching
Immediate, respectful conversation. 80% positive reinforcement, 20% correction.
Branch 4: ABC Analysis - The Engine of BBS
Within BBS, behaviour is explained in terms of the ABC model:
A - Antecedent: What triggers it? (rush, unclear procedure, peer pressure)
B - Behavior: What did the person actually do? (the observable act)
C - Consequence: What happens after? (saves time, gets praised, nothing happens)
We can't change behaviour by only changing Antecedents (more posters). We have to change Consequences.
Branch 5: Data Collection & Analysis
This is where modern BBS is going - four layers: (1) data collection, (2) safety behaviour recognition, (3) interventions, and (4) behaviour-change mechanisms. Track % safe vs at-risk over time.
Branch 6: Recognition & Reinforcement
Celebrate safe behaviour. This closes the loop known as the DO IT process: Define, Observe, Intervene, Test.
4. FRUITS - Outcomes
Increased safe behaviours
Reduced at-risk behaviours
Higher near-miss reporting
Zero harm culture
BBS works because it looks at the "why" and "how" behind daily actions and it distinguishes safe, unsafe, and habit/error-driven behaviours.
10-Minute Demo Script You Can Run Tomorrow
Perfect for a toolbox talk:
Minute 0-2: Show the tree. Ask: "If roots are weak, can branches survive? Same with safety."
Minute 2-5: Pick ONE critical behaviour. Example: "Using phones while walking in a plant."
Do ABC live:
A: Message alert, supervisor calling
B: Walking while texting
C: Saves 10 seconds, nothing bad happened last time = behaviour reinforced
Minute 5-8: Live observation. Ask one volunteer to do a task, others observe for 60 seconds and give feedback using: "I saw safe... I saw at-risk... What could help?"
Minute 8-10: Close with the question: "What consequences can WE add today to make the safe behaviour easier? ⛑️🏗️🌡️⚠️📝🚥🎯🚨💯✅🚧🦺