16/11/2022
𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐎𝐅 ORIGIN OF THE 𝐖𝐀𝐇𝐇𝐀𝐁𝐈𝐒/𝐏𝐒𝐄𝐔𝐃𝐎-𝐒𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐅𝐈𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐉𝐀𝐙
COPIED
History is pivotal in understanding why the Ḥijāz changed so drastically, we must understand how Wahhābism spread in the Ḥijāz and Najd (modern day Saudi Arabia) during and after the time of Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb an-Najdī, how they martyred the Ḥanbalī scholars and adopted the Ḥanbalī name for a following.
𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇̣𝐀𝐍𝐀̄𝐁𝐈𝐋𝐀𝐇
The founder of the madhhab is Imām Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l Jamā’ah Abū ‘Abdullāh Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥanbal Ash-Shaybānī, born in 164 after Hijri. Imām Aḥmad was from the age of the First Three Generations, he was from amongst the greatest scholars the Ummah has ever witnessed. He was Mujtahid Mutlaq, who took his usūl from the Tābi’īn who in turn took it from the Companions of Al-Basrah.
The Imām was also a leading Muḥaddith of his time who had memorised 1 million aḥādīth. Imām Aḥmad and his students were Mujtahid scholars and they were upon the creed of the First Three Generations, also called the creed Ahl al-Sunnati wa’l Jamā’ah. Imām Aḥmad along the three other Imāms are accepted by consensus as righteous Sunnī Imāms upon whom we make taqlīd. From the time of Imām Aḥmad until today the madhhab is in its pristine state having its authoritative scholars. The madhhab is still being adopted in countries such as Shām, ‘Irāq, Egypt and the Gulf countries.
𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐇𝐇𝐀̄𝐁𝐈̄𝐒 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐈𝐑 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘
The Ḥanbalī madhhab in Ḥijāz took its main blow during the crusades of Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb an-Najdī, who was a Khārijī and a false prophet that emerged to "cleanse" the world of muslim apostates. This Khārijī cult, later called the Muwahhidūn movement, brutally murdered the believers, killed the scholars and decimated the Ḥanbalī madhhab to a great degree in Ḥijāz and Najd. Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb an-Najdī (1703-1792) was someone who grew up in a Ḥanbalī family, his father and elder brother being Qādīs (Judges) in the madhhab. But he was not a promising student, as in his later years he developed his own erroneous ideas and was influenced by false teachings. The scholars had already warned against him before his crusades.
Later on he spent many years in ad-Dir’iyyah, during this time he gained alliances and then began his 51 years long crusade against the Muslims. 𝐇𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐧 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐤𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐚̄𝐫 (𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬), 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲, 𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐊𝐡𝐚𝐰𝐚̄𝐫𝐢𝐣 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐭 ﷺ. He brutally massacred thousands of people, he along his descendants committed to this ideology and murder. However, during his lifetime he was declared as an apostate and false prophet by the scholars of his time. Among them being his elder brother and the Ḥanbalī authority of the time, Imām Sulaymān ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, may Allāh have mercy on him, who was martyred by the Wahhābī cult.
Once the Wahhābīs grew in number, along the progeny of Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, they killed a great amount people beyond belief, committing horrible murders by emptying cities and other atrocities like destroying graves, schools and relics. Besides killing the believers, they decimated the graves of the Prophets, his Companions and their Followers. Destroyed their houses, wells and even the trees that were planted by the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ and his Companions. After the fall of the Ottoman Khilāfah, they destroyed more relics, artefacts, graves and much more, all under the pretext of "protecting people against shirk", which was an absurd claim refuted by the scholars. The reality was having a sick and false theology.
After the death of Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb, his sons continued the crusades against Islām. The Ottomans were the ones who declared war upon the Wahhābīs, who were the Khawārij of that age. Between the years 1811-1818 the Ottoman army at the time, which was led by Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā, aided the Muslims against them. Do you know what the Ottomans did to the Wahhābī cult? They waged a mighty war and utterly decimated the wicked cult. Muḥammad ‘Alī Pāshā, may Allāh have mercy on him, destroyed ad-Dir’iyyah completely and then laid salt on the area which he then set on fire and turned over the earth. Allāhu Akbar!
𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐡𝐡𝐚̄𝐛ī𝐬 𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐄𝐠𝐲𝐩𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐝. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐈𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐛𝐮𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐜*𝐭 𝐨𝐟𝐟. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡. 𝐓𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐈𝐛𝐧 ‘𝐀𝐛𝐝 𝐚𝐥-𝐖𝐚𝐡𝐡𝐚̄𝐛 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐬𝐡*𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝐛𝐲 𝐚 𝟏,𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐛𝐮𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐬! 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐖𝐚𝐡𝐡𝐚̄𝐛ī𝐬 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐝 𝐨𝐧! 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐚 𝐰𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐩𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝.
𝐅𝐀𝐋𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐓𝐓𝐎𝐌𝐀𝐍 𝐊𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐀̄𝐅𝐀𝐇
Because of the Ottomans the Wahhābīs were pushed back and removed from power. But unfortunately after the fall of the Ottoman Khilāfah, the Wahhābīs rose to power again due to their alliance with the Sa'ūd family and the British Empire. They then spread their Wahhābī religion in Ḥijāz and changed the name to 'Saudi Arabia', and finally proclaimed the Wahhābī State (Ad-Dawlat ul-Wahhābiyyah), and the rest is history.
Due to this, many people in this age in the Arabian peninsula are Wahhābīs. We do not say that every single individual or every scholar is a Wahhābī in, far from it. But the government is Wahhābī and has certainly infected some people.
𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐇𝐇𝐀̄𝐁𝐈̄ 𝐂𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐃
The Wahhābīs claimed to be "Atharī" in creed, which is synonymous with the Ḥanbalī creed, which is the creed of the First Three Generations. But their beliefs were false and not in line with creed of the Ḥanbalīs. They were the Khawārij of that age and shared many beliefs with the Mu’tazilah and Shī’ah. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝟏𝟔 𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐚̄'𝐢𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐊𝐮𝐟𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲. The Wahhābī creed is primarily based upon the teachings of Muhammad Amīr as-San’ānī, Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb an-Najdī, along the isolated opinions of Ibn Taymiyyah. Some of the references they also use are, Ash-Shawkānī the Wahhābī Zaidī Mu’tazilite and others such as Muhammad ‘Abduh, Jamāl ud-Dīn al-Afghānī and Sayyid Qutb. And those of the latter period such as ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Bāz, al-Albānī, Ibn al-‘Uthaymīn, al-Fawzān, al-Madkhalī and others like them. Their fathers (Amīr as-San’ānī and Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhāb) revolted against the Ummah and went against the consensus of Ahl al-Sunnah. They left and rejected the classical teachings of the Ḥanbalī creed and fiqh.
𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐇̣𝐀𝐍𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐈̄ 𝐂𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐈𝐐𝐇
The Imāms of the Ḥanābilah were the likes of Abū Bakr Al-Khallāl, Al-Qādī Abū Ya’lā, Maḥfūz Al-Kalwadhānī, ‘Abd al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī, Muwaffaq ud-Dīn Ibn Qudāmah, ‘Abd al-Ghanī Al-Maqdisī, Majd ud-Dīn, ‘Alā' ud-Dīn Al-Mardāwī, Ibn Rajab, Al-Buhūtī, Mūsā Al-Ḥajjāwī, Al-Futūḥī, Mar’ī Al-Karmī, ‘Abdur-Raḥmān Al-Ba’lī, Ibn Ḥamdān, As-Saffārīnī, ‘Abd al-Qādir ibn Badrān, Badr ud-Dīn Ibn Balbān, Mustafā Ash-Shattī, ‘Abdullāh Al-Qaddūmī and all the other Ḥanbalī authorities.
The true Ḥanbalī creed is what is found in the works such as:
► Ibtal ut-Ta'wilāt by Al-Qādī Abū Ya’lā
► Lum’at ul-I’tiqād by Muwaffaq ud-Dīn Ibn Qudāmah
► Najat ul-Khalaf by Ibn Qā'id An-Najdī
► Qalā'id ul-‘Iqyān by Ibn Balbān
► Nihāyat ul-Mubtadi'īn by Ibn Ḥamdān
► Al-‘Ayn wa’l Athar by Al-Mawāhibī
► Manhaj ul-Aḥmad by ‘Abdullāh Sūfān Al-Qaddūmī
► Lawāmi’ ul-Anwār Al-Bahiyyah by As-Saffārīnī, and others, which are all the depended upon (mu’tamad) creed texts of the Ḥanābilah.
And the true Ḥanbalī fiqh is what is found in the works such as:
► Al-Muḥarrar by Al-Majd
► Al-Mughnī´ by Ibn Qudāmah
► Al-Iqnā’ by Mūsā Al-Ḥajjāwī
► Muntahal Irādāt by Al-Futūḥī
► Al-Kashshaf ul-Qīna’ by Al-Buhūtī
► Zād ul-Mustaqnī’ by Al-Ḥajjāwī
► Ar-Rawd ul-Murbi´ by Al-Buhūtī
► Dalīl ut-Tālib by Mar’ī Al-Karmī
► Manār us-Sabīl by Ibn Dūwayyān, and others, which are all the depended upon works of the Ḥanābilah.
One who is upon the above mentioned books will protect himself from the lies of the Wahhābīs/Pseudo-Salafīs. They were fought and declared as disbelievers by Ahl al-Sunnah.
