MPU 1022 Penghayatan Etika dan Peradaban - A251 Kumpulan 8

30/12/2025

22/12/2025

Name: Ho Jia Syuen
Matric No: 312523
Title: Economic Recession (Others)

Finding Opportunity in the Crisis
While a recession is undoubtedly a period of hardship, it also acts as a "market reset" that clears out inefficient business models and paves the way for innovation. History shows that some of the world’s most successful companies were founded during recessions because they focused on high-efficiency and low-cost solutions that people needed most during lean times. Necessity, as they say, is the mother of invention.

For those with a long-term perspective and available capital, a recession can be a "once-in-a-decade" buying opportunity. Assets like blue-chip stocks and real estate often trade at significant discounts. By staying calm and avoiding panic-selling, disciplined investors can position themselves for massive gains when the economy inevitably recovers. Ultimately, resilience and community support are what help a nation weather the storm and emerge stronger.

Reference :
Republic. (2025). 10 unicorns that were founded during recessions. Retrieved from https://republic.com/blog/investor-education/10-unicorns-that-were-founded-during-recessions

Western & Southern Financial Group. (2021). How to invest during a recession: Here’s what to know. Retrieved from https://www.westernsouthern.com/investments/how-to-invest-during-a-recession

22/12/2025

Name: Ho Jia Syuen
Matric No: 312523
Title: Economic Recession (Steps)

Survival and Recovery Strategies
For individuals, the most effective strategy is to build a "financial fortress." This involves prioritizing a liquid emergency fund that can cover at least 6 to 12 months of living expenses. It is crucial to eliminate high-interest debt and pivot your budget toward "needs" rather than "wants." Additionally, investing in upskilling or side hustles can provide a safety net should your primary source of income be compromised.

On a macro level, governments must deploy strategic fiscal policies, such as targeted cash transfers to vulnerable groups and tax incentives for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to keep them afloat. Central banks may eventually pivot to lowering interest rates once inflation is under control to encourage borrowing and stimulate investment. Collaborative efforts between the public and private sectors are essential to "jump-start" the economy and restore public confidence.

Reference :
Medcom. (2025). Recession-ready: Building financial resilience. Retrieved from https://money.medcom.id/recession-ready-building-financial-resilience/

Cash and Voucher Assistance. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash_and_Voucher_Assistance

22/12/2025

Name: Ho Jia Syuen
Matric No: 312523
Title: Economic Recession (Causes)

What Triggers an Economic Collapse?
Economic recessions rarely have a single cause; they are usually the result of a "perfect storm" of factors. One common trigger is a sudden supply shock, such as a global pandemic or geopolitical conflicts that disrupt trade routes and spike energy prices. When the cost of production rises sharply, businesses are forced to pass those costs to consumers, leading to high inflation that eventually chokes off economic growth.

Another major cause is the bursting of asset bubbles—such as a housing market crash or a tech stock collapse. When assets are overvalued due to excessive speculation and the "bubble" finally pops, billions in perceived wealth vanish instantly, causing a credit crunch. To combat inflation, central banks may also raise interest rates too aggressively, making borrowing so expensive that business investment and consumer spending grind to a halt.

Reference :
Bohl, M. T., Humann, N., & Siklos, P. L. (2025). The monetary policy–commodities nexus: A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.70025

22/12/2025

Name: Ho Jia Syuen
Matric No: 312523
Title: Economic Recession (Data and statistik)

Identifying the Contraction
In technical terms, a recession is typically defined by a country experiencing two consecutive quarters of negative Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. For instance, if the economy shrinks by $0.8\%$ in the first quarter and continues to contract by $1.5\%$ in the second, it is officially in a recessionary phase. These numbers serve as a critical "early warning system" for policymakers to adjust interest rates or implement fiscal stimulus.Other vital statistics to monitor include the Unemployment Rate and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). During a recession, we often see unemployment figures spike above the $5-6\%$ threshold as industries like manufacturing and construction slow down. Additionally, a sharp decline in retail sales and housing starts—sometimes dropping by $20\%$ or more—indicates that consumers have lost confidence and are bracing for a prolonged downturn.

Reference :
RSM US. (2025, May 06). Is the U.S. economy headed for a recession? Retrieved from https://rsmus.com/insights/economics/is-the-us-economy-headed-for-a-recession.html

Conversable Economist. (2022, July 25). Is a recession defined as “two negative quarters”? Retrieved from https://conversableeconomist.com/2022/07/25/is-a-recession-defined-as-two-negative-quarters/

22/12/2025

Name: Ho Jia Syuen
Matric No: 312523
Title: Economic Recession (Issue)

Cost of Living Crisis & Market Instability
The most pressing issue during an economic recession is the "double squeeze" on households: rising costs coupled with stagnant or falling incomes. As economic activity slows down, businesses face dwindling profits, often leading to cost-cutting measures such as hiring freezes, wage stagnation, or mass layoffs. For the average person, this translates into a loss of financial security and a significant drop in purchasing power, making it difficult to afford basic necessities.

Beyond individual struggles, a recession creates a climate of fear and psychological instability in the market. Investors become risk-averse, leading to massive sell-offs in the stock market and a lack of liquidity in the financial system. This instability often trickles down to the general public in the form of higher interest rates for personal loans and mortgages, further tightening the belt on consumer spending and creating a cycle of economic pessimism.

Reference :
Big Issue. (tahun). Brits told to brace for cost-of-living crisis driven by war as violence unfolds in Ukraine. Diambil daripada https://www.bigissue.com/news/social-justice/brits-told-to-brace-for-cost-of-living-crisis-driven-by-war-as-violence-unfolds-in-ukraine/

Discovery Alert. (tahun). Purchasing power 2025: Economic well-being impact. Diambil daripada https://discoveryalert.com.au/purchasing-power-2025-economic-well-being-impact/

22/12/2025

Name: SEE EE VONNE
Matric No: 312626
Title: Economic Recession

A recession usually lasts 6 months or more and is identified when GDP falls for two consecutive quarters. Not all industries suffer equally—essential sectors stay more stable while spending and confidence drop, creating a negative cycle.

References:
1. Warner, J. (2025). What is a recession? Definition, signs and impact. IG. https://www.ig.com/en/trading-strategies/recession–everything-you-need-to-know-190906

2. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025). Recession: Definition & facts. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/money/recession

3. Capital Group. (2025). Guide to recessions: 9 things you need to know. CapitalGroup.com. https://www.capitalgroup.com/institutional/insights/articles/guide-to-recessions.html

22/12/2025

Name: SEE EE VONNE
Matric No: 312626
Title: Economic Recession

To overcome a recession, governments can invest in public projects, lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, and support businesses with financial aid — all to boost jobs, spending, and economic growth.✈️

References:
1. Corporate Finance Institute. (2025). Economic stimulus package – overview, how it works, risks. Corporate Finance Institute. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/economic-stimulus-package/

2. Pettinger, T. (2020, January 20). Problems facing an economy recovering from recession. Economics Help. https://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/unemployment/recovering_recession/

3. Whye.org. (2023, October 10). How does fiscal policy impact economic recessions? Whye.org. https://whye.org/how-does-fiscal-policy-impact-economic-recessions

22/12/2025

Name: SEE EE VONNE
Matric No: 312626
Title: Economic Recession

“Economic recession can be caused by high inflation, rising unemployment, and weak business confidence—leading to lower spending, fewer jobs, and slower economic growth.⚙️⚙️

References:
1. Economics Help. (2025). Causes of recessions. https://www.economicshelp.org/macroeconomics/economic-growth/cause-recession2/

2. Finschool by 5paisa. (n.d.). What is economic recession. https://www.5paisa.com/finschool/what-is-economic-recession/

20/12/2025

Name: Nur Suria Farahin Binti Azhar
Matric number: 312677
Title: The Differences Between Economic Recession in Malaysia and Other Countries

Explanation: Differences Between Economic Recession in Malaysia and Other Countries

The selected social media-style images illustrate how economic recession perceptions differ between Malaysia and other countries in Southeast Asia. One of the main differences shown in the graph is that a larger percentage of Malaysians believe their economy is in recession compared to people in Indonesia or Singapore.

According to survey data frequently shared on social media, about 68 % of Malaysians think the country is currently in a recession. Meanwhile, 50 % of Indonesians and 32 % of Singaporeans say the same. This means Malaysians have higher recession sentiment even though economic data often shows continued growth. For example, Malaysia’s economy actually expanded at around 4.2 % in early 2024, which does not meet the technical definition of a recession.

Furthermore, when compared financially, social media graphics show that many Malaysians feel more financial strain (such as “just getting by” or “living in difficulty”) compared with citizens of Indonesia and Singapore. This contrasts with global or regional economic indicators that often show Singapore with higher per capita income and more resilient growth, providing stronger macroeconomic fundamentals overall than Malaysia.

One reason for this perception gap is that Malaysians may be more affected by cost of living concerns and inflation in everyday life, leading to stronger recession beliefs even when the economy is technically growing. A related survey found that 32 % of Malaysians believe the cost-of-living crisis in Malaysia is worse than in neighboring countries, contributing to the higher sense of recession.

In contrast, countries like Singapore, with higher incomes and stronger macroeconomic buffers, tend to show lower recession perception among the public, even during global slowdowns. Therefore, the difference between Malaysia and other countries shown in these pictures is not strictly about measured economic data (like GDP), but largely about how people feel and experience their economic conditions relative to neighbors.

References :

Images / Social Graphics
Malaysia and regional perceptions of recession. (2025). Social media-style comparison graphic showing recession perception differences across Southeast Asian countries. Retrieved December 2025, from Yahoo News Malaysia and public social reports.

Study: Financial situation comparison Malaysia vs Indonesia vs Singapore. (2024). Social media-style graphic showing financial status categories among Malaysians, Indonesians, and Singaporeans. Retrieved December 2025, from World of Buzz.

Survey / Public Perception Data
Ipsos Malaysia. (2024, June 13). Despite positive economic growth, survey shows nearly seven in 10 Malaysians feel the country is in recession. Malay Mail (via Yahoo News). Retrieved December 2025, from https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/despite-positive-economic-growth-survey-085130292.html

R. Loheswar. (2024, June 13). Malaysians feeling financial pinch more than neighbours, survey says only one in five living comfortably. Malay Mail. Retrieved December 2025, from https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/despite-positive-economic-growth-survey-085130292.html

20/12/2025

Name: Nur Suria Farahin Binti Azhar
Matric number: 312677
Title: The Economic Recession

Explanation about the Economic Recession in Malaysia

The images above show survey-style graphics and data widely shared on Malaysian social media platforms highlighting Malaysian perceptions of the economic recession. One graphic shows that approximately 68 % of Malaysians believe the country’s economy is currently in a recession, despite reports of stable or positive growth figures.

This perception reflects a public concern over the cost of living, inflation, and household financial stress, even if Malaysia has not officially entered a recession (defined by two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth). Surveys have found that many Malaysians feel economic pressures such as rising living costs, wage stagnation, and difficulties in everyday expenses, which influence their belief that the economy is in recession.

The disconnect between official economic growth figures and citizen sentiment can be explained by the experience of slower wage growth, rising everyday prices, and financial strain for households. A 2024 survey revealed that while official statistics showed ongoing growth, a large portion of the public still believed the economy was in recession — indicating that personal financial realities do not always match macroeconomic indicators.

Thus, based on the shared picture, the economic recession in Malaysia — as perceived by social media users — is tied to public sentiment, cost of living pressures, and household financial challenges, rather than strictly to negative GDP figures.

References

Images/Social Media Graphics
Malaysia state that the country is in recession. (2025). Infographic showing Malaysian perceptions of economic recession. Retrieved December 2025, from Yahoo News Malaysia: https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/ (Image).

Survey / Public Perception
Ipsos Malaysia. (2024). Despite positive economic growth, survey shows nearly seven in 10 Malaysians feel the country is in recession. Malay Mail (via Yahoo News). Retrieved December 2025, from https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/

Consumer Sentiment
UOB ASEAN Insights. (2023). ASEAN Consumer Sentiment Study 2023 (Malaysia). United Overseas Bank. Retrieved December 2025, from https://www.uobgroup.com/asean-insights/articles/acss-2023-malaysia.page