Ceylon Journal of Science

🌊 𝗣𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗼𝗲𝗻𝘃𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗗𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗺𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝘆𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗛𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗮-𝗟𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗝𝗮𝗽𝗮𝗻

Our journal presents a significant paleoclimate study reconstructing early Holocene sea-level fluctuations in Fujii, Okayama Prefecture, Japan. By integrating sedimentary pyrite sulfur analysis, fossil diatom assemblages, and radiocarbon dating, this research reconstructs the long-term transition between freshwater and marine environments over the past ~11,000 years.

This multi-proxy approach provides a robust framework for understanding past coastal dynamics and improving predictions of future sea-level responses under changing climate conditions.

🔎 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀

🌊 Marine Transgression Phase (11,035–6,745 years BP)
A clear period of rising sea level was identified, capturing a major early Holocene marine transgression.

⚓ Peak Marine Conditions (~6,745 years BP)
Fully marine environments were established at ~1.8 m depth, marked by peak pyrite sulfur accumulation.

🧫 Microfossil Ecological Shift
Freshwater diatoms (𝘕𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢 sp., 𝘔𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘳𝘢 sp.) were progressively replaced by marine taxa (𝘔𝘦𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘪𝘳𝘢 𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴, 𝘕𝘪𝘵𝘻𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 sp.), indicating strong environmental restructuring.

📉 Regressive Phase
A subsequent decline in sea level above 1.8 m depth was evidenced by reduced pyrite concentrations and the return of freshwater diatom communities.

📊 Predictive Geological Framework
The study establishes a calibrated baseline for refining modern climate models and improving projections of coastal response to future sea-level change.

🌍 This research highlights the power of integrating geochemical and microfossil evidence to decode Earth’s past environments and strengthen coastal resilience planning.

📄 Read the full article:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.9006

✍️ Authors: H.K.A.E. Prasadika, K.N.J. Katupotha & S.G. Gamage

🐠 𝗦𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗔𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗸𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵: 𝗦𝗻𝗮𝗶𝗹 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗚𝘂𝗽𝗽𝗶𝗲𝘀

Our journal presents a practical and innovative study in aquaculture exploring the use of Spike-topped apple snail (𝘗𝘰𝘮𝘢𝘤𝘦𝘢 𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘧𝘶𝘴𝘢) meal as a sustainable partial or full replacement for traditional fishmeal in guppy (𝘗𝘰𝘦𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘪𝘢 𝘳𝘦𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘢) diets.

By assessing growth performance, feed pellet quality, stress tolerance, and economic efficiency, this research highlights the potential of alternative protein sources to reduce feed costs while maintaining fish health and ornamental quality.

🌟 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀

📈 High Substitution Potential
Fishmeal can be replaced with up to 75% snail meal without any negative effects on guppy growth, feed intake, or survival.

🎨 Enhanced Colour Expression
Guppies fed with 25% and 50% snail meal showed significantly improved caudal fin coloration, increasing their ornamental value.

⚙️ Improved Feed Pellet Quality
Inclusion of snail meal enhanced physical feed properties, producing better pellet expansion compared to control diets.

💪 Strong Stress Resilience
All dietary groups maintained stable physiological health, with no differences in survival under high-salinity stress conditions.

💰 Maximum Economic Benefit
The 75% snail meal diet delivered the highest profit index and lowest incidence cost, making it highly attractive for ornamental fish farmers.

🌱 This study demonstrates how an aquatic pest can be transformed into a valuable, eco-friendly feed ingredient, supporting both sustainability and profitability in ornamental aquaculture.

📄 Read the full article:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.9317

✍️ Authors: M. Dhamsara, B.C. Jayawardana & P. Weththasinghe

🌿 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲𝘀: 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗴𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗼𝗹𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗔𝗴𝗿𝗼-𝗪𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲 🌿

Our journal highlights an important advancement in sustainable materials science through the development of green polymer composites ♻️. In this study, researchers engineered a novel epoxy matrix reinforced with coconut shell powder (CSP) and areca husk fly ash, effectively transforming agricultural waste into a value-added, lightweight composite material.

By systematically evaluating particle grain size effects, the study provides key insights into optimizing structural performance for sustainable applications in manufacturing, aerospace, and construction sectors 🏗️✈️.

📌 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀

• 🌱 Sustainable material design: Utilization of coconut shell powder and areca husk fly ash as reinforcing bio-fillers
• 📏 Particle size influence: 150 µm particle size demonstrated optimal mechanical performance
• 💪 Mechanical strength: Maximum tensile strength of 19.48 MPa and flexural strength of 58.52 MPa recorded for 150 µm composites
• 📉 Performance reduction: Coarser particles (600 µm) resulted in approximately 40% reduction in tensile strength, attributed to reduced interfacial bonding
• 🔬 Microstructural validation: SEM analysis confirmed improved epoxy-filler adhesion with finer particles, reducing void formation and enhancing load transfer

This work presents a promising and cost-effective pathway toward replacing conventional non-biodegradable polymers with sustainable alternatives in structural and household applications ♻️.

📄 Read the full article: https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.8974

👩‍🔬 Authors: M. Naga Ramya Krishna and M. P. Rangaiah

🌱 𝗦𝗼𝗶𝗹 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘂𝘀 𝗗𝘆𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗰𝘀: 𝗨𝗻𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗶𝘅𝗲𝗱 𝗡𝘂𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗔𝗴𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗔𝘀𝗶𝗮

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for crop growth, yet a large proportion of soil phosphorus in South Asia remains unavailable to plants due to fixation in highly weathered soils. This challenge contributes to excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers, raising concerns about sustainability, environmental impacts, and the depletion of global phosphate reserves.

In a comprehensive review published in the Ceylon Journal of Science, W.M.R.W. Weerakoon, H.M.T.G.A. Pitawala, and L.D.B. Suriyagoda examine the factors influencing phosphorus fixation and explore innovative biological and management approaches to enhance phosphorus availability in agricultural soils.

🔬 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄
✅ Highly weathered tropical soils often bind phosphorus, limiting its availability to crops.

✅ Land degradation practices, including deforestation and crop residue burning, further reduce soil fertility and nutrient cycling.

✅ Beneficial microorganisms such as 𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 and 𝘗𝘴𝘦𝘶𝘥𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘴 bacteria, along with Glomus mycorrhizal fungi, can naturally solubilize fixed phosphorus.

✅ Overreliance on chemical phosphorus fertilizers is unsustainable due to finite global phosphate reserves.

✅ Biofertilizers and conservation-based soil management practices offer promising pathways to improve Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE) and support long-term agricultural productivity.

This review highlights the importance of integrating soil microbiology, sustainable nutrient management, and conservation agriculture to strengthen food security across South Asia.

📖 Read the full article:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.8771

🌾 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗴𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲: 𝗨𝗔𝗩𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗜 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 🚁🤖

A recent publication in the Ceylon Journal of Science presents an innovative approach to precision agriculture by combining Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with Artificial Intelligence to automate sugarcane maturity classification across large-scale plantations.

Replacing labor-intensive and often inaccurate physical inspections, this study demonstrates how multispectral drone imagery and Deep Learning can optimize harvest timing with high precision and efficiency.

🌱 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀

🔹 Automated Surveillance – Multispectral UAV drones were deployed to monitor sugarcane fields aged between 3 and 12 months across intermediate and dry climatic regions.

🔹 Brix-Based Training – The AI models were trained using 17,256 geo-referenced images classified as “mature” or “immature” based on actual sugarcane sweetness measurements (Brix values).

🔹 NIR Superiority – Comparative analysis of spectral bands and vegetation indices identified Near-Infrared (NIR) imagery as the most effective predictor of crop maturity.

🔹 High-Accuracy CNN – The custom-designed Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) achieved an impressive classification accuracy of 93% using NIR datasets.

🔹 Smart Farming Solution – The system offers a scalable and cost-effective digital workflow capable of replacing conventional agronomic estimations in commercial sugar industries.

This research highlights the transformative potential of integrating drone technology and artificial intelligence to modernize plantation management and improve agricultural productivity.

📖 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.8865

👨‍🔬 Authors:
W. A. N. M. Perera, P. A. D. V. Vithanage, R. M. D. Jayathilake, W. P. R. Welihinda, W. M. C. J. T. Kithulwatta, L. L. G. Chathuranga, D. M. K. N. Seneviratna and R. M. K. T. Rathnayaka

🧅 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘼𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙪𝙢 𝙘𝙚𝙥𝙖 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆: 𝗔𝗻 𝗘𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗧𝗼𝘅𝗶𝗰𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴

The latest publication in the Ceylon Journal of Science presents a comprehensive review on the 𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘶𝘮 𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘢 (common onion) bioassay, an increasingly important, low-cost alternative to conventional animal-based toxicity testing.

Due to its rapid root growth, sensitivity to pollutants, and large, easily observable chromosomes, 𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘶𝘮 𝘤𝘦𝘱𝘢 has become a highly effective bioindicator for assessing environmental and genetic toxicity. This review synthesizes key global studies demonstrating how this simple plant model produces results that strongly correlate with mammalian test systems while avoiding the ethical and financial limitations associated with animal experimentation.

🔬 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀

🌱 Ethical & Accessible Testing Model
The review highlights A. cepa as a globally available, economical, and ethically sustainable alternative to animal testing for routine toxicity screening and environmental monitoring.

🌍 Broad Environmental Applications
The assay demonstrated strong effectiveness in detecting the toxic effects of heavy metals, agricultural pesticides, industrial effluents, and various environmental contaminants.

🧪 Sensitivity to Diverse Pollutants
The study emphasizes the plant’s distinct cellular responses to a wide range of harmful substances, including azo dyes, hydrocarbons, food preservatives, and other chemical pollutants.

🧬 Reliable Genotoxicity Assessment
Thanks to its large and easily visible chromosomes, A. cepa provides a powerful system for identifying chromosomal abnormalities, mitotic disruptions, and other indicators of genetic damage caused by toxic exposure.

📚 Evidence-Based Literature Synthesis
Researchers systematically screened 131 published studies and refined them into 31 core papers to establish standardized parameters and best practices for implementing the bioassay in environmental toxicity assessments.

♻️ Advancing Sustainable Ecotoxicology
This review reinforces the Allium cepa bioassay as an indispensable tool for modern ecotoxicology, pollution control, and sustainable environmental management strategies worldwide.

📖 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.8629

✍️ Authors:
A. M. P. E. K. Atapattu and U. A. Jayawardena

🥛 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝘁-𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝗻𝗼𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘇𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗵𝗲𝘄 𝗡𝘂𝘁 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗸 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

The latest publication in the Ceylon Journal of Science explores an innovative approach to improving the quality and consistency of cashew nut milk production an increasingly important product in the rapidly expanding global market for plant-based dairy alternatives.

Although cashew milk is valued for its rich texture, nutritional benefits, and consumer appeal, inconsistent extraction methods often affect product stability, yield, and sensory quality. This study applied Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to scientifically determine the optimal processing conditions required for efficient and standardized production.

By systematically evaluating extraction time, temperature, and cashew nut-to-water ratios, the research establishes a validated framework for manufacturing high-quality plant-based milk at industrial scale.

🔬 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀

⚙️ Advanced Process Optimization
The study employed a Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to investigate the interactive effects of extraction time, temperature, and water volume on milk quality and production efficiency.

🌰 The Most Influential Variable
Among all processing factors, the cashew nut-to-water ratio emerged as the most critical determinant affecting milk yield, nutritional composition, texture, and sensory acceptability.

🥛 The Optimal Processing Formula
Researchers identified the ideal extraction conditions as:
• 13 minutes extraction time
• 60 °C processing temperature
• 1:1 cashew nut-to-water ratio

📈 High Production Efficiency
Under the optimized conditions, the process achieved an impressive milk yield of 84.43%, demonstrating strong potential for commercial application.

🧪 Product Stability & Quality Assurance
The study confirmed that maintaining the cashew nut-to-water ratio at or below 1:1 is essential to prevent phase separation and preserve a smooth, desirable mouthfeel in the final product.

🌍 Supporting Sustainable Food Innovation
This research provides food manufacturers and product developers with a practical and scalable strategy to meet growing global demand for nutritious, sustainable, and high-quality plant-based beverages.

📖 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.8373

✍️ 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘀:

V. E. Edem, R. M. O. Kayode, O. A. Abiodun, B. O. Olofintoye, and A. I. Elijah

🦟 𝗩𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗲𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲: 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗲𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗮

The latest publication in the Ceylon Journal of Science presents an important epidemiological investigation tracking 𝘈𝘦𝘥𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘦𝘨𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘪 and 𝘈𝘦𝘥𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘭𝘣𝘰𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘴 he primary mosquito vectors responsible for dengue transmission across Sri Lanka’s Matara District from 2022 to 2024.

By integrating larval surveillance data with rainfall patterns, the study developed a highly accurate predictive model capable of forecasting vector population surges before outbreaks intensify. This research demonstrates how climate-informed surveillance can strengthen early warning systems and improve public health preparedness.

🔬 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀

🦟 Distinct Breeding Habitats
Out of more than 58,000 water-holding containers surveyed, 𝘈𝘦. 𝘢𝘦𝘨𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘪 was detected exclusively in coastal, man-made breeding sites, while 𝘈𝘦. 𝘢𝘭𝘣𝘰𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘴 predominantly occupied inland and natural habitats.

🌧️ Rainfall-Driven Population Dynamics
The study identified clear rainfall response patterns between the two vector species. 𝘈𝘦. 𝘢𝘦𝘨𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘪 populations increased immediately following heavy rainfall events, whereas 𝘈𝘦. 𝘢𝘭𝘣𝘰𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘶𝘴 populations showed a consistent one-month lag response.

📍 Spatial Hotspot Identification
Cluster analysis successfully classified regional MOH areas into three levels of vector vulnerability, enabling improved geographical prioritization for dengue prevention programs.

📊 Predictive Early Warning Model
Researchers developed a pooled Premise Index model with high predictive accuracy (R²), using simple rainfall data to estimate district-level mosquito prevalence and forecast future vector surges.

🧪 Evidence-Based Vector Control
The findings provide a practical, data-driven framework for optimizing mosquito control interventions, environmental cleanup campaigns, and targeted community awareness programs.

This study highlights the importance of integrating environmental and climatic data into routine vector surveillance systems to transform dengue management from reactive outbreak response to proactive prevention.

📖 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.9095

✍️ 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘀:

A. P. S. Perera, M. M. S. M. B. Marasinghe, M. W. M. K. Mediwaka, A. D. U. Karunarathna, T. K. S. Kumara and K. O. Bandaranayaka

🩺 𝗙𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 & 𝗔𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀: 𝗔 𝗚𝗿𝗼𝘄𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝗻

A recent study published in the Ceylon Journal of Science explores the progression of stress among female MBBS students, revealing a steady and concerning increase in stress levels throughout the medical curriculum, with final-year students experiencing the highest burden 📈🧑‍⚕️.

By examining four distinct domains: Academic, Social, Personal, and Gender-specific, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional nature of stress among medical students. The findings highlight that personal stressors contribute more significantly to overall stress levels than academic requirements alone, often reflecting deeper challenges related to lifestyle, expectations, and psychological well-being.

📊 𝗞𝗲𝘆 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀:

• Stress levels increase progressively with each academic year
• Final-year students report the highest levels of severe stress
• Over 75% of participants fall into the “high” or “severe” stress categories
• All four domains (Academic, Social, Personal, Gender-specific) are strongly interlinked 🔗

📚 The study also identifies key academic triggers such as lack of time for self-study and strict attendance requirements as major contributors to academic strain. Importantly, the interconnected nature of all stress domains suggests that social and personal challenges directly influence academic performance and overall student well-being.

These findings highlight a critical need for medical institutions to move beyond curriculum-focused reforms and adopt holistic, student-centered support systems that prioritize mental health, resilience, and overall well-being of future physicians 🧠💙.

📖 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲:

https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.9431

𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘀:

S. Bhagia, A.R. Rajan, M. Bhagia, R. Yadav and A.A. Bhave

🦟 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮𝘀𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗚𝗮𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗿𝗶 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗸𝗮

A recent KAPP study in Sri Lanka highlights major gaps in awareness of Leishmaniasis among both the public and healthcare workers, despite its long-standing presence in high-risk districts.

Key issues include poor understanding of sandfly transmission, low preventive practices, and limited formal training among healthcare staff.

The findings emphasize the urgent need for stronger health education, vector control, and clinical training to improve disease prevention and management.

𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲:

📖 https://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v55i2.9174

👨‍🔬 𝗔𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘀:
G.D.S.R Piumali, T.C. Weeraratne, W.G.D. Chathuranga, J.M.K. Herath and W.A. Priyanka P. de Silva