25/08/2026
***MASTER “BY THE TIME” FOR NATURAL ENGLISH***
Want to show that one thing happens before another? Learn how to use BY THE TIME.
BY THE TIME + CLAUSE
By the time we arrived, the movie had already started.
By the time you read this, I will have left.
By the time she finishes college, she will have studied for 16 years.
By the time he called, I had already eaten dinner.
PAST SITUATIONS (use past perfect)
When talking about the past, the main clause usually uses the past perfect to show one action finished before another.
By the time the police arrived, the thief had escaped.
By the time I got home, my family had eaten without me.
FUTURE SITUATIONS (use future perfect)
When talking about the future, the main clause usually uses the future perfect.
By the time you graduate, you will have taken over 40 exams.
By the time the sun sets, we will have finished the hike.
COMMON MISTAKES
❌ By the time we arrived, the movie already started.
✅ By the time we arrived, the movie had already started.
❌ By the time you will read this, I will have left.
✅ By the time you read this, I will have left.
❌ By the time she finishes college, she studied for 16 years.
✅ By the time she finishes college, she will have studied for 16 years.
⚠️ Don’t use “will” in the “by the time” clause itself, even for future events.
QUICK RULE:
BY THE TIME + PRESENT/PAST CLAUSE, PAST PERFECT / FUTURE PERFECT
By the time I finish, you will have left.
By the time I finished, you had left.
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