Vidya Tutorial English Mantras

23/05/2022

18/01/2022

THE ECCEDENTESIAST

My heart is hurting
It is breaking a little more each day
I am in terrible pain.
It feels as if I don't have much time left,
But sometimes,
It also seem as if
I have all the time in the world to keep on enduring this
Cursed pain of mine.
Why am I like this?
-- Escha Singh
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01/01/2022

Dear students, may the coming year bring along new hopes and new opportunities…. May you learn from your past mistakes and accomplish your targets for future with your strength and dedication…. Wishing you all a very successful and Happy New Year 2022.
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25/12/2021

A little more sparkle
A little less stress
This Christmas, I wish you
the very best.....

16/12/2021

The Conjunction
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A Conjunction is a word which connects words , clauses or sentences.

Kinds of Conjunctions
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Conjunctions are divided into two classes according to their functions.
(a) Co-ordinating Conjunction
(b) Sub-ordinating Conjunction

(a) CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTION
Co-ordinating Conjunctions join together words, sentences and clauses of equal rank or importance.

Some Co-ordinating Conjunctions are:----

and, but, for, or, nor, also,either....or, neither....nor, both...and, though(although).....yet, not only.....but also, no sooner...than, rather....than, such...as, such....that, as/so....as, as.....so, the same....as, scarcely (hardly)......when

** The Conjunctions which are used in pairs, are called Correlative Conjunctions.

(b) SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

A Sub-ordinating Conjunction joins a clause to another clause where one clause ( subordinate Clause) is dependent on another clause ( Principal Clause) for its full meaning.

The most commonly used Sub-ordinating Conjunctions are:
[ as, after, before, because, it, that, though, although, till, unless, when, where, why, while, for, since, how, than ]

** KINDS OF CO-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
There are four kinds of Co-ordinating Conjunctions:
(a) *Cumulative Conjunctions* , ( merely adds or connects one statement or word to another)----[ and, both, too, also, as well as, now, well, moreover, not only....but also, no less...than etc.]
(b) *Adversative Conjunctions* , ( joins two contrasting statements or facts)-----[ ony, yet, still, but, whereas, however, nevertheless etc.]
(c) *Alternative Conjunctions* , ( expresses a choice between two alternatives)-----[ or, either...or, neither....nor, otherwise, else etc.]
(d) *Illative Conjunctions* , ( shows that a fact or statement is inferred or proved from another)----[ for, hence, therefore, so, then, consequently etc.]

11/12/2021

11/12/2021

Irregular 'wh-question'...

• How about/ what about + v+ ing?
1.How about your parents? তোমার বাবা মায়ের কি খবর?
2.What about following us in your car? তোমার গাড়ি থেকে আমাদের অনুসরনের কি হল?

• How come...+ clause?
1.How come you are so late? কেন তোমার এত দেরী হল?( American informal English)

• Why not/no/ all
1.Why not listen to him? কেন তুমি তার কথা শোনো না?
2. Why no classes today? কেন আজ ক্লাস নেই?
3.Why all the noise? কেন সব কোলাহল?
4.,What to do next?
5. What to see?
6.Which way to go?

• What if + clause?
What if you join us for lunch? কি হবে যদি তুমি মধ্যাহৃভোজে না আসো ?

• What if / What though?..... তাতে কি হবে ?
Ex...What if they are illiterate?
What though they are filthy?

08/12/2021

TYPE OF POEM

1. A long story-poem, often mythical -- Epic
2. A short story-poem with a message -- Ballad
3. A poem of 14 lines -- Sonnet
4. A song like poem -- Lyric
5. A poem with no uniformity of rhyme, rhythm, etc. -- Free Verse
6. A poem set in a picturesque rustic background -- Idyll
7. A sad poem lamenting the death of a loved one -- Elegy
8. A 5-line short funny poem with rhyme-scheme aabba -- Limerick
9. A poem written just to create humour -- Humorous

POETRY GLOSSARY

1. Stanza = a set amount of lines in poetry grouped together by their length, meter or rhyme scheme.

2. Couplet = a two-line stanza.

3. Tercet = a three-line stanza.

4. Quatrain = a four-line stanza.

5. Cinquain = a five-line stanza.

6. Sestet = a six-line stanza.

7. Octave = an eight-line stanza.

8. Meter = the pattern of stressed syllables (long-sounding) and unstressed syllables (short-sounding) in poetry.

9. Rhyme scheme = the pattern of rhyme that comes at the end of each line or verse.

10. Syllable = the single, unbroken sound of a spoken or written word.

06/12/2021

19/11/2021