UGC-JRF-Home Science

Happy to share that members of our community have successfully cleared UGC-NET, June 2025. Congratulations!!!!!!

JRF:
🌻Arnab Chakraborty
🌻Chandrima Sahu
🌻Samapika

Assistant Professor:
🌻Debasmita
🌻Arijit Shaw
🌻Shreyoshee
🌻Supriti

PhD Admission:
🌻Srimita

Paper I, Unit IV and Paper II, Unit IX

Sender: The individual or entity initiating the communication.

Encoding: The process of converting thoughts or ideas into a message, which can be verbal, nonverbal, or written.

Message: The information or content being conveyed.

Channel: The medium through which the message is transmitted, such as speech, writing, email, or social media.

Receiver: The individual or entity who receives the message.

Decoding: The process of interpreting the message received by the receiver.

Feedback: The receiver's response to the message, which can be verbal, nonverbal, or written.

Context: The environment or situation in which the communication takes place, which can influence the message and its interpretation.

Noise: Any interference that can distort the message or hinder effective communication.

✅Paper-II, Unit-II

The Intensified Diarrhea Control Fortnight (IDCF) is an initiative by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, to reduce childhood deaths due to diarrhoea. It is observed every year, typically in July, as diarrhoea-related deaths peak during the monsoon season due to contaminated water and poor sanitation.

✅Key Objectives of IDCF:
Promote ORS & Zinc Use: Ensure the availability and use of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and Zinc tablets at households and healthcare centres to prevent dehydration and mortality.
Community Awareness: Conduct extensive Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) campaigns to educate caregivers on diarrhoea management and hygiene practices.
Home Visits & Counseling: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and other healthcare workers visit households to distribute ORS and Zinc and counsel families on sanitation and hygiene.
Strengthen Service Delivery: Improve access to diarrhoea treatment through Anganwadi Centres, Primary Health Centres (PHCs), and Community Health Centres (CHCs).
Promote Hygiene & Sanitation: Encourage handwashing, breastfeeding, safe drinking water, and proper food hygiene to prevent diarrhoea.

✅Why is IDCF Important?
Diarrhoea is a leading cause of child mortality in India, particularly among children under five.
ORS and Zinc therapy can significantly reduce diarrhoea-related deaths.
It aligns with the National Health Mission (NHM) and Poshan Abhiyan to improve child health outcomes.

✅Paper-II, Unit-VII

The Harlow Monkey Experiment (1950s-60s) by Harry Harlow studied the importance of maternal comfort and attachment in infant rhesus monkeys.

🔬 Experiment Setup:
Harlow separated baby monkeys from their mothers and gave them two surrogate "mothers":
1️⃣ Wire Mother – Provided food (had a feeding bottle).
2️⃣ Cloth Mother – Soft and comforting, but no food.

📌 Findings:
Monkeys preferred the cloth mother over the wire mother, even though the wire mother provided food.
When scared, they ran to the cloth mother for comfort.
Monkeys raised without a comforting mother showed social and emotional issues later in life.

📢 Conclusion:
Emotional security and comfort are more important for attachment than just fulfilling basic needs like food.
This challenged earlier beliefs that attachment was solely based on feeding.
Harlow’s work highlighted the importance of love, warmth, and physical touch in early childhood development. 💛🐒

✅Paper-II, Unit-VII

These are the three components of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality:

1️⃣ Id – The primal, instinctual part of the mind that seeks immediate gratification. It operates on the pleasure principle (e.g., hunger, aggression, desires).

2️⃣ Ego – The rational, decision-making part that balances the id’s desires with reality. It operates on the reality principle, considering consequences before acting.

3️⃣ Superego – The moral compass, representing internalized societal and parental values. It enforces idealistic standards and can induce guilt.

In simple terms:
👉 The id says, "I want it now!"
👉 The superego says, "You shouldn’t!"
👉 The ego says, "Let’s find a reasonable way."

This dynamic interplay shapes human behaviour, decision-making, and inner conflicts.

✅Paper-II, Unit-IX

The SMCR Model of Communication was developed by David Berlo in 1960. It explains how communication works through four key components: Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver.

✅Paper-II, Unit-VII

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) is a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s. It focuses on identifying and changing irrational beliefs that cause emotional distress and unhealthy behaviours.

✅Key Principles of REBT
ABC Model – Explains how beliefs influence emotions and behaviours:

A (Activating Event): A situation or event.
B (Belief): The thought or interpretation about the event.
C (Consequence): Emotional and behavioural response.
REBT helps individuals replace irrational beliefs with rational ones to achieve healthier emotional responses.

✅Types of Beliefs
Irrational Beliefs – Unrealistic and rigid thoughts like "I must always be perfect" or "People must treat me fairly."
Rational Beliefs – Flexible and logical thoughts like "Mistakes are a part of learning."
Emphasis on Self-Acceptance – REBT teaches unconditional self-acceptance, disputing negative thoughts, and developing logical thinking.

✅Applications of REBT
Managing stress, anxiety, and depression.
Improving self-confidence and personal growth.
Enhancing problem-solving and decision-making skills.

✅Paper-II, Unit-III

Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating structural units called monomers. They can be natural (like proteins, cellulose, and starch) or synthetic (like plastics and nylon).

✳️Importance in Home Science
✅Textiles: Fabrics like polyester, nylon, and acrylic are synthetic polymers used in clothing and home furnishings.
✅Food Packaging: Plastic containers, cling films, and Teflon-coated cookware use polymers for durability and safety.
✅Household Items: Furniture, carpets, adhesives, and even detergents contain polymer-based materials.
✅Health and Hygiene: Disposable gloves, sanitary pads, and diapers use superabsorbent polymers.