Exclusive limit wizard

लफ़्ज़ों कि तपिश से हवा में, हकीकत का ज़हर छोड़ दूंगा,
जो लिखेगी मोहब्बत को फूल, मैं हर वो कलम तोड़ दूंगा..!!

Correct answer:-The first estimation of poverty in India was made by Lakdawala Committee.

✅Lakdawala Committee:-

The committee was constituted in the year 1993 and chaired by Professor D T Lakdawala.

Till as recently as 2011, the official poverty lines were based entirely on the recommendations of the Lakdawala Committee of 1993.

According to the Lakdawala Committee, a poor is one who cannot meet these average energy requirements.

This committee defined the poverty line on the basis of household per capita consumption expenditure.

The committee used CPI-IL (Consumer Price Index for Industrial Laborers) and CPI- AL (Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Laborers) for estimation of the poverty line.

In the earlier estimates, both health and education were excluded because they were expected to be provided by the states.

The method of calculating poverty included first estimating the per capita household expenditure at which the average energy norm is met, and then, with that expenditure as the poverty line, defining as poor as all persons who live in households with per capita expenditures below the estimated value.

The fallout of the Lakdawala formula was that the number of people below the poverty line got almost double.

The number of people below the poverty line was 16 percent of the population in 1993-94. Under the Lakdawala calculation, it became 36.3 percent.

This poverty line was set such that anyone above them would be able to afford 2400 and 2100 calories worth of consumption in rural and urban areas respectively in addition to clothing and shelter.

These calorie consumptions were derived from the YK Alagh committee only.

✅Additional Information:-

National Income Committee:-

National Income Committee defines national income as "the value of commodities and services produced in an economy during a given period, counted without duplication."

The Government of India appointed National Income Committee in 1949.

The committee was chaired by Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis and had Prof D.R. Gadgil and Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao as members.

The first report of the committee was presented in 1951.

The First Report of the National Income Committee was signed on 15 April 1951.

According to the first report, the National Income of India for 1948-49 was Rs. 8,710 crores and the per capita income was Rs. 225.

The Final Report of the National Income Committee was signed on 14 February 1954.

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📌 5 ways of acquiring Indian 🇮🇳citizenship are:

1. By Birth
2. By Acquisition or Incorporation of Territory
3. By Descent
4. By Registration
5. By Naturalisation

📌 You can lose Indian citizenship in three ways.

They are:-
1. By Renunciation: A person may voluntarily renounce the citizenship of India.

2. By Termination: If a person acquires citizenship of another country, then the citizenship of India gets terminated.

3. By Deprivation: In case a person has acquired citizenship fraudulently, or is disloyal to the constitution, or helps enemy in war or within five years of the process of naturalization has been imprisoned for two years, or ordinarily resides outside for seven years.
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Timeline: From Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, 1713 to death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 1839. Pic credit : PMF