Computer science information and technolgy

Q.Which of the following is the smallest unit of data in a computer?
a) Bit
b) KB
c) Nibble
d) Byte

Q.. Which of the following is the brain of the computer?
a) Central Processing Unit
b) Memory
c) Arithmetic and Logic unit
d) Control unit

Q. Who is the father of Computers?
a) James Gosling
b) Charles Babbage
c) Dennis Ritchie
d) Bjarne Stroustrup

Q.A computer cannot "boot" if it does not have the _____

A) Compiler
B) Loader
C) Operating system
D) Assembler

Q.Which of the following was used in programming the first computers?
[A] Object code
[B] Source code
[C] Machine Language
[D] Assembly Language

Computer Shortcut Keys (Function keys) –
F1 key – Display Help
F2 key – To Rename the selected item
F3 key – Search for a file or a folder
F4 key – Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer
F5 key – Refresh the active window
F6 key – Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F7 key – To spell check and grammar check in MS Word document, Outlook, etc
F8 key – Used to enter the Windows startup menu, mainly used to access Windows Safe Mode
F9 key – Refresh document in Microsoft Word
F10 key – Activate the menu bar in the active program
F11 key – Maximize or minimize the active window
F12 key – Open the Save as window in Microsoft Word

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General Computer Shortcut Keys –
Ctrl + A – Select all
Ctrl + C – Copy the selected content
Ctrl + N – Open a new console
Ctrl + V – Paste the selected content
Ctrl + W – Close the Windows Explorer or browser
Ctrl + X – Cut the selected content
Ctrl + Y – Redo an action
Ctrl + Z – Undo an action
Ctrl – while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
Ctrl + Shift – while dragging an item (Create a shortcut of the selected item)
Ctrl + Shift +Esc – Open the Task Manager
Ctrl + Shift – With any of the arrow keys (Highlight/Select a block of text)
Ctrl + Esc – Display the Start menu
Ctrl + F4 – Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously
Ctrl + Click (On Underlined link or URL on document) – Opens the link in the browser
ALT + D– Select the address bar
Alt + Enter – View the properties for the selected item
Alt + F4 – Close the active item, or quit the active program
Alt + Spacebar – Open the shortcut menu for the active window
Alt + Tab – Switch between the open programs/windows
Alt + Esc – Cycle through programs/windows in the order that they had been opened
Alt + Spacebar – Display the System menu for the active window
Shift – With any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
Shift + F10 – Displays the shortcut menu for the selected item(Works as a right mouse click)
Delete – Delete the content and move it to Recycle bin.
Shift + Delete – Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin
Right arrow – Open the submenu or open the next menu to the right
Left arrow – Close the submenu or open the next menu to the left
Backspace – View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer
Esc – Cancel the current task
Shift – when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

4 Bits = 1 Nibble
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte ( KB )
1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte ( MB )
1024 MB = 1 Gyga Byte ( GB )
1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte ( TB )
1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte ( PB )
1024 PB = 1 Exa Byte ( EB )
1024 EB = 1 Zetta Byte ( ZB )
1024 ZB = 1 Yotta Byte ( YB )

CPU = Central Processing Unit
RAM = Random Access Memory
ROM = Read Only Memory
PROM = Programmable Read Only Memory
EPROM = Erasable PROM
EEPROM = Electrically EPROM
HDD = Hard Disk Drive
FDD = Floppy Disk Drive
KBD = KeyBoard
I/O = Input & Output
CD = Compact Disk
DVD = Digital Video Disk
SMPS = Switch Mode Power Supply
POST = Power ON Self Test
BIOS = Basic Input Output System
VDU = Visible Display Unit
LED = Light Embedded Diode
LCD = Liquid Crystal Display
USB = Universal Serial Bus
VGA = Video/Visual Graphic Adapter
LAN = Local Area Network
WAN = Wide Area Network
MAN = Metropolitan Area Network
HLL = High Level Language
LLL = Low Level Language
MIPS = Million of Instruction Per Second
Mbps = Mega Bytes Per second
Kbps = Kilo Bytes per second
HTTP = Hyper Text Templates

JAD – Java Application Descriptor
3GPP – 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP – 3rd Generation Project
MP3 – MPEG player lll
MP4 – MPEG-4 video file
AAC – Advanced Audio Coding
GIF – Graphics Interchangeable Format
JPEG – Joint Photographic Expert Group
BMP – Bitmap
SWF – Shock Wave Flash
WMV – Windows Media Video
WMA – Windows Media Audio
WAV – Waveform Audio
PNG – Portable Network Graphics
DOC – Document (Microsoft Corporation)
PDF – Portable Document Format
M3G – Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A – MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH – Nokia Theme (series 40)
THM – Themes (Sony Ericsson)
MMF – Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT – Nokia Ringtone
XMF – Extensible Music File
WBMP – Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX – DivX Video
HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
WML – Wireless Markup Language
CD – Compact Disk.
DVD – Digital Versatile Disk.
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube.
HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
HTTPS – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure.
URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
USB – Universal Serial Bus.
VIRUS – Vital Information Resource Under Seized.
3G – 3rd Generation.
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access.
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module.
AVI – Audio Video Interleave
RTS – Real-Time Streaming
SIS – Symbian OS Installer File
AMR – Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
JAD – Java Application Descriptor
JAR – Java Archive

DAT – Digital Audio Tape.
DOS – Disk Operating System.
GUI – Graphical User Interface.
ISP – Internet Service Provider.
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol.
UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply.
HSDPA – High-Speed Downlink Packet Access.
EDGE – Enhanced Data Rate for GSM [Global System for Mobile Communication] Evolution.
VHF – Very High Frequency.
UHF – Ultra High Frequency.
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service.
WAP – Wireless Application Protocol.
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol.
ARPANET – Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
IBM – International Business Machines.
HP – Hewlett Packard.
AM/FM – Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.
WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
AVI – Audio Video Interleave
RTS – Real-Time Streaming
SIS – Symbian OS Installer File
AMR – Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
3GPP – 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP – 3rd Generation Project
MP4 – MPEG-4 video file
AAC – Advanced Audio Coding
GIF – Graphic Interchangeable Format
JPEG – Joint Photographic Expert Group
BMP – Bitmap
SWF – Shock Wave Flash
WMV – Windows Media Video
WMA – Windows Media Audio
WAV – Waveform Audio
PNG – Portable Network Graphics
DOC – Document (Microsoft Corporation)
PDF – Portable Document Format
M3G – Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A – MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH – Nokia Theme (series 40)
THM – Themes (Sony Ericsson)
MMF – Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT – Nokia Ringtone
XMF – Extensible Music File
WBMP – Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX – DivX Video
HTML – HyperText Markup Language
WML – Wireless Markup Language
CRT – Cathode Ray Tube.
DOS – Disk Operating System.
GUI – Graphical User Interface.
UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply.
USB – Universal Serial Bus.
VIRUS – Vital Information Resource Under Seized.
3G – 3rd Generation.
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access.
UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module.
HSDPA – High-Speed Downlink Packet Access.
EDGE – Enhanced Data Rate for
GSM – [Global System for Mobile Communication] Evolution.
VHF – Very High Frequency.
UHF – Ultra High Frequency.
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service.
WAP – Wireless Application Protocol.
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol.
ARPANET – Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
IBM – International Business Machine Corporation.
HP – Hewlett Packard.
WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network

 HTM: Hierarchical Temporal Memory.
 HTML: Hypertext Markup Language.
 HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
 HTTPD: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Daemon.
 HAL: Hardware Abstraction Layer.
 HCI: Human-Computer Interaction.
 HID: Human Interface Device.
 HIG: Human Interface Guidelines.
 HP: Hewlett-Packard.
 HPFS: High-Performance File System.
 HT: Hyper-Threading.
 HD: High Density.
 HDD: Hard Disk Drive.
 HD DVD: High Definition DVD.
 HDL: Hardware Description Language.
 HHD: Hybrid Hard Drive.
 HTX: Hyper Transport Expansion.
 HURD: Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons.