10/01/2021
_*📬DIRECT NARRATION (SPEECH) AND INDIRECT NARRATION (SPEECH)*_
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_👴🏿It's an honour coming your way with our 2021 unadulterated lessons. We shall have our first lesson in 2021._
_I am an admirer of the English language. I remain loyal to the English usage scholars. There’s so much to learn in the English language, however, you should not give a flying flip. You can change your English language more positively by reading/following our comprehensive English articles/lesson. Without further ado, let's look at the topic for discussion._
*🎯🎯🎯TOPIC*🎯🎯🎯
*_Direct and Indirect Narrations_*
_Reporting Narration has always been a problem for a number of students. How well do we know Reporting Narrations?_
_👴🏿There are *two ways of reporting the words spoken* by a person._
_We can reproduce the words exactly spoken or we can express in our own words the substance of what one said._
_The first of the methods is called *Direct Speech or Direct Narration.* The second is called *Indirect Speech or Indirect Narration.*_
_Both narrations/speeches are usually used to talk about the past, so we normally *change the tense of the words spoken.* We also use reporting verbs like *'say', 'tell', 'ask',* and we may use the word *'that'* to introduce the reported words._
_*Let's take these two sentences.*_
_🎁Dela said to his father, 'I need more money'._
_🎯Dela told his father that she needed more money._
_Let us focus our attention on what the *REPORTED SPEECH* and the *REPORTING VERB* are in the structures above._
_In English grammar, when the exact words of the speaker which are put within inverted commas are called the *Reported Speech.* And the verb that introduces the Reported speech is called *Reporting Verb.*_
_In the above example marked 🎁, 'said' is the reporting verb and 'I need more money' is the reported speech/narration._
_There are epoch-making points that should be observed about these two modes of narration._
_🦚In general, the *Direct Speech* is always enclosed within inverted commas and it always begins with a capital letter. It is separated from the reporting verb by a comma._
_🦋(a) In the *Indirect Speech,* no inverted commas are used and no comma is used to separate the reporting verb from the Reported Speech._
_(b) The *tense of the reporting verb* is never changed._
_(c)Again, a conjunction, if necessary, is used after the reporting verb._
_(d) Tenses, pronouns and words denoting nearness of time and position undergo certain change in the *Indirect Speech.*_
_👴🏿Tenses undergo backshift in indirect speech._
_*‘Backshift’* refers to the changes we make to the original verbs in indirect speech because time has passed between the moment of speaking and the time of the report. (Cambridge Dictionary)_
_*👴🏿To be continued...*_
_Until then, keep safe! It's ta-ta from me, *👴🏿Chief DiKT* and 👨🏼🏫 Sir Dejo_
