30/06/2026
I had a chat with a very lovely young man today about letter reversals—why they happen and why they can be more common in dyslexic learners.
Mirror generalisation is an evolutionary adaptation that allows our brains to recognise an object whichever way round it is. This is incredibly useful in everyday life and was very important for survivial. A sabre-toothed tiger facing left or right is still a sabre-toothed tiger!
However, when we learn to read and write, our brains have to learn that orientation suddenly matters. A b is not a d, and a p is not a q. Rather than switching mirror generalisation off completely, the brain learns to override it when recognising letters and words. For some brains, this takes longer than for others.
Mirror reversals can happen because:
🔹 Letter orientation hasn't yet become fully automatic.
🔹 The child is concentrating so hard on spelling or forming letters that orientation errors slip through.
🔹 Similar-looking letters (such as b, d, p, and q) are easily confused while the brain is still developing efficient reading pathways.
🔹 Working memory and processing speed challenges can make accurate letter retrieval more difficult.
Mirror reversals happen in most children who are learning to read and write. However, they can persist for longer in children with dyslexia. Children with dyslexia often need more explicit teaching and much more practice to develop strong, automatic letter recognition and orientation