04/06/2025
The English language is composed of layers of influence and shares similarities with many other international languages. This comes from centuries of changes and progression, but we can still trace certain words to several different roots.
Anglo-Saxon (or Old English) is what English sounded like when it first began. We still use a lot of words from Old English today to show numbers, colours and body parts. Examples are ‘father’, ‘mother’, ‘sky’, ‘sea’, ‘earth’, ‘happy’ ‘thank’ and more. These root words don’t usually use prefixes.
Latin - About 55% of the English language borrows from Latin and understanding it even a little bit can go a long way.
Latin builds on a root word by adding either a prefix or a suffix. Prefixes change the definition (re, dis, mis) whilst suffixes will change the word type or meaning (-tion, -ous, -ing). Here are some very common Latin root words and suffixes that we can see each day!
Greek - Greek uses word forms to add meaning on top of other meanings. Most of this book will focus on prefixes when we use mathematical terms like ‘cent’ or ‘milli’ or ‘pent’ to talk about shapes, unit conversions or percentages, and suffixes to show the type or category of something. We can also find quite beautiful meanings when word forms are used as prefixes and root words as we’ll see below.
Let’s take the Greek word amphibian.
If amphi/ambi means both kinds, (ambiguous, ambidextrous), bio means life (biology, biography, biohazard), and ian means related to something (librarian, pedestrian), we can decipher that an amphibian would mean related to both kinds of life.
Amphibians are animals like frogs or newts that can live on both land and water. In Greek, amphibian translates somewhat to ‘to live a double life’ in English!
By using word form combination or ‘morphology’ we can understand how these words interact with one another, and start to learn about what these prefixes, root words and suffixes all mean separately.
Can you think of any other words with the same root words but different suffixes? You’re already on your way to expanding your vocabulary dramatically...