Instructor tadele shafe

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Instructor tadele shafe No

01/01/2026

አዲሱ መመሪያ ለ ደረጃ 1 ጠቅላላ ስራ ተቋራጭ !!
For General Contractor (GC-1)

*Peak Annual Construction Turn Over ( PA TO)*

- 350 Million PATO 1 year. ( ካለፉት 5 አመታት ቢያንስ አንዱን አመት )

* Machinery for GC 1 *

1, Crane 1
2, Asphalt paver 1
3, Penumatic roller 1
4, Crusher 1
5, Grader 1
6, Excavator 1
7, Loder 1
8, roller ( static or vibrotary ) 1

Total 8 Machinery

* Professionals For GC - 1 *

1, Practicing Professionals - 2
2, professional Professionals - 5
3, Graduate Engineer - 7

Total 14 professionals

25/10/2025

Structure Engineering Important Question

Q31. What is the unit of stress?

A31. Pascal (Pa).

Q32. What is the modulus of elasticity of steel?

A32. Approximately 2 × 10■ N/mm².

Q33. Define beam.

A33. A structural element that resists bending under loads.

Q34. What is the main ingredient of cement?

A34. Limestone.

Q35. What is the typical density of reinforced concrete?

A35. About 24 kN/m³.

Q36. What is the full form of RCC?

A36. Reinforced Cement Concrete.

Q37. What is a column?

A37. A vertical compression member in a structure.

Q38. Define Poisson’s ratio.

A38. The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.

Q39. What is the unit of moment?

A39. kNm or N·m.

Q40. What is a simply supported beam?

A40. A beam supported at both ends with no fixity.

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25/10/2025

Surveying Important Question Q

Q58. What is tacheometry?
Tacheometry is a method of rapid surveying used to determine horizontal and vertical
distances indirectly by observing through a theodolite fitted with a stadia diaphragm.

Q59. What are the types of curves used in surveying?
The main types are Simple Curve, Compound Curve, Reverse Curve, and Transition Curve.

Q60. What is a total station?
A total station is an electronic instrument that combines the functions of an electronic
theodolite and an electronic distance meter (EDM).

Q61. Define surveying.
Surveying is the art and science of determining the relative positions of points on, above, or
below the earth’s surface and presenting them in a usable form such as maps or plans.

Q62. What are the main divisions of surveying?
The two main divisions are Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying.

Q63. What is the principle of surveying?
The main principles are working from whole to part and locating a point by measurement from
two known points.

Q64. What is leveling?
Leveling is the process of determining the elevation of points with respect to a fixed reference
point called a datum.

Q65. Define benchmark.
A benchmark is a fixed reference point of known elevation used in leveling.

Q66. What is a contour?
A contour is a line joining points of equal elevation on the ground surface.

Q67. What is contour interval?
Contour interval is the vertical distance between two consecutive contour lines on a map.

Q68. What is tacheometry?
Tacheometry is a method of rapid surveying used to determine horizontal and vertical
distances indirectly by observing through a theodolite fitted with a stadia diaphragm.

Q69. What are the types of curves used in surveying?
The main types are Simple Curve, Compound Curve, Reverse Curve, and Transition Curve.

Q70. What is a total station?
A total station is an electronic instrument that combines the functions of an electronic
theodolite and an electronic).

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25/10/2025

CONCRETE SLUMP CONE TEST – STEP BY STEP

Purpose: Measure the workability or consistency of fresh concrete.

Equipment: Slump cone, base plate, tamping rod, measuring scale, scoop,tray, water.

Test Procedure:

1. Clean & wet the cone and base plate; place on a smooth, level surface.

2. Fill the cone in 3 equal layers, each about one-third height.

3. Tamp each layer 25 times with the tamping rod; distribute strokes evenly.

4. Level off the top surface with the rod.

5. Lift cone vertically in 5–10 seconds without twisting.

6. Measure the vertical slump difference using scale (to nearest 5 mm).

7. Classify slump: True, Shear, or Collapse slump.

8. Record results: time, temperature, mix ID, slump value, and type.

Precautions: Maintain uniform tamping; complete test within 2–3 minutes of
mixing.

Quick Tips: Repeat 3 tests for accuracy; if slump >100 mm or collapse,adjust mix.




















25/10/2025

Surveying Important Question

Q1. Define surveying.

Surveying is the art and science of determining the relative positions of points on, above, or
below the earth’s surface and presenting them in a usable form such as maps or plans.

Q2. What are the main divisions of surveying?

The two main divisions are Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying.

Q3. What is the principle of surveying?

The main principles are working from whole to part and locating a point by measurement fromtwo known points.

Q4. What is leveling?

Leveling is the process of determining the elevation of points with respect to a fixed referencepoint called a datum.

Q5. Define benchmark.

A benchmark is a fixed reference point of known elevation used in leveling.

Q6. What is a contour?

A contour is a line joining points of equal elevation on the ground surface.

Q7. What is contour interval?

Contour interval is the vertical distance between two consecutive contour lines on a map.

Q8. What is tacheometry?

Tacheometry is a method of rapid surveying used to determine horizontal and vertical
distances indirectly by observing through a theodolite fitted with a stadia diaphragm.

Q9. What are the types of curves used in surveying?

The main types are Simple Curve, Compound Curve, Reverse Curve, and Transition Curve.

Q10. What is a total station?

A total station is an electronic instrument that combines the functions of an electronic
theodolite and an electronic distance meter (EDM).

Q11. Define surveying?

Surveying is the art and science of determining the relative positions of points on, above, or
below the earth’s surface and presenting them in a usable form such as maps or plans.

Q12. What are the main divisions of surveying?

The two main divisions are Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying.

Q13. What is the principle of surveying?

The main principles are working from whole to part and locating a point by measurement fromtwo known points.

Q14. What is leveling?

Leveling is the process

25/10/2025

Civil Engineering Important Question

21. What is a shear force?

It is the internal force acting parallel to the cross-section of a structural element.

22. Define bending moment.

It is the reaction induced when an external force bends a structural member.

23. What is Poisson’s ratio?

The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.

24. What is the Young’s modulus of steel?

Approximately 2 × 10■ N/mm².

25. What is prestressed concrete?

Concrete in which internal stresses are introduced to counteract external loads.

26. Define ductility?

The ability of a material to deform under tensile stress before failure.

27. What are the types of cement?

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), PPC, rapid hardening cement, and low heat cement.

28. What causes honeycombing in concrete?

Improper compaction and insufficient fines in the mix.

29. What is grouting?

Injecting fluid material into cracks or voids to strengthen a structure.

30. What is scaffolding?

A temporary structure used to support workers and materials during construction.

31. Define formwork?

Temporary or permanent molds used to shape concrete.

32. What is the minimum curing period for concrete?

7 days for OPC and 10 days for PPC.

33. What is the main function of stirrups in a beam?

To resist shear forces and hold longitudinal reinforcement in place.

34. What is a moment of inertia?

A property of a shape that defines its resistance to bending.

35. Define factor of safety?

It is the ratio of ultimate strength to the working stress.

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25/10/2025

Tests on Cement, Sand, and Concrete – Quick
Overview

Testing of building materials ensures strength, durability, and safety. This summaryhighlights the essential tests for cement, sand, and concrete.

Cement Tests:

1.Fineness Test – Measures particle size using a 90µ sieve.

2.Consistency Test – Using Vicat apparatus to determine standard watercontent.

3.Setting Time Test – Finds initial and final setting times.

4.Soundness Test – Ensures no expansion after setting (Le Chatelier method).

5.Compressive Strength Test – Evaluates cement cube strength at 3, 7, and 28days.

Sand Tests:

1.Sieve Analysis – Determines gradation and particle size distribution.

2.Specific Gravity Test – Checks sand quality and weight.

3.Bulking Test – Determines volume change due to moisture.

4.Silt Content Test – Should be less than 8% for quality concrete.

5.Moisture Content Test – Ensures correct water-cement ratio.

Concrete Tests:

1.Slump Test – Checks workability on site.

2.Compaction Factor Test – Determines compaction capability.

3.Compressive Strength Test – Key test for concrete quality.

4.Flexural Strength Test – Checks resistance to bending.

5.Non-Destructive Tests (NDT) – Rebound Hammer & Ultrasonic PulseVelocity for in-situ strength.

Conclusion:

Material testing is the backbone of quality construction. Regular testing ensures
compliance with standards and guarantees long-lasting structures.

25/10/2025

Civil Engineering Important Question

1. What is the difference between RCC and PCC?

RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) contains reinforcement (steel bars) to bear tension,
while PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) has no reinforcement and is used for non-structural
works.

2. What is the slump test used for?

The slump test measures the workability and consistency of fresh concrete.

3. What is the standard size of a brick?

The standard brick size is 190 mm × 90 mm × 90 mm (without mortar).

4. What is the unit weight of concrete?

The unit weight of reinforced concrete is about 24 kN/m³.

5. Define bearing capacity of soil.

It is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can bear without failure.

6. What are the types of foundations?

Shallow foundations (like isolated, combined, raft) and deep foundations (like pile, pier,
caisson).

7. What is the water-cement ratio?

It is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in concrete mix.

8. What is curing in concrete?

Curing is the process of maintaining moisture in concrete for hydration and strength gain.

9. What is the minimum cover for RCC footings?

The minimum cover is 50 mm for footings.

10. What is compaction factor test?

It determines the workability of concrete, especially for low workability mixes.

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25/10/2025

WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE

Workability of concrete refers to the ease with which concrete can be mixed,placed, compacted, and finished without segregation or bleeding.ImportanceProper workability ensures uniform strength, durability, and appearance ofconcrete structures. It affects construction speed, compaction quality, and finalperformance.

Factors Affecting Workability

1. Water Content – More water increases workability but may reduce strength.

2. Mix Proportion – Higher fine aggregate ratio improves cohesion and workability.

3. Size and Shape of Aggregates – Rounded aggregates increase workability;angular reduce it.

4. Temperature – Higher temperature reduces workability due to fasterevaporation.

5. Admixtures – Plasticizers and superplasticizers improve workability without extrawater.

Tests for Workability

• Slump Test (for medium to high workability)

• Compaction Factor Test (for low workability)

• Flow Table Test (for high workability)

• Vee-Bee Consistometer Test (for stiff concrete)Desired Workability for Various Uses

• Low Workability – Pavements, lightly reinforced sections

• Medium Workability – Normal reinforced concrete

• High Workability – Heavily reinforced or complex structures

Conclusion

Workability is a key property of fresh concrete that determines its handling andplacement quality. It should be optimized for each construction type using propermix design and admixtures.

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25/10/2025

Civil Engineering Important Question

11. What is the difference between load bearing and framed structure?

In load bearing structures, walls carry loads; in framed structures, columns and beamscarry loads.

12. Define modular ratio.

It is the ratio of the modulus of elasticity of steel to that of concrete.

13. What is a cantilever beam?

A beam fixed at one end and free at the other.

14. What is segregation in concrete?

It is the separation of coarse aggregates from the concrete mix.

15. What is bleeding in concrete?

It is the appearance of water on the surface of freshly placed concrete.

16. What are the main ingredients of cement?

Lime, silica, alumina, iron oxide, and gypsum.

17. Define creep of concrete.

Creep is the gradual deformation of concrete under sustained load over time.

18. What is a shear wall?

A wall designed to resist lateral forces due to wind or earthquake.

19. What is the purpose of a tie beam?

It connects two columns or footings to reduce differential settlement.

20. What is the difference between working stress and limit statemethod?

Working stress method uses elastic theory, while limit state method uses ultimate strength concepts for design.

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