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24/07/2019

Remember the difference! ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿผ

There โ€”> indicates place
Example: The car is over [there].

Their โ€”> the possessive form of โ€œtheyโ€
Example: They are staying in a house, but itโ€™s not [their] house.

Theyโ€™re โ€”> the contraction of โ€œthey areโ€
Example: They are going to school. [Theyโ€™re] ready to get on the bus.

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

Your โ€”> the possessive form of โ€œyouโ€
Example: Wear [your] scarf; itโ€™s very cold outside.

Youโ€™re โ€”> the contraction of โ€œyou areโ€
Example: [Youโ€™re] very intelligent.

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

Its โ€”> the possessive form of โ€œitโ€
Example: I love Paris and [its] wonderful streets.

Itโ€™s โ€”> the contraction form of โ€œit isโ€
Example: [Itโ€™s] a very interesting course.



22/07/2019

Pearls of wisdom:

โ€œiโ€ before โ€œeโ€, except after โ€œcโ€.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจูŠูŠุฌูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑู ุงู„i ูˆุญุฑู ุงู„e ูˆุฑุง ุจุนุถุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„i ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„e.

ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑู ุงู„i ูˆุญุฑู ุงู„e ูˆุฑุง ุจุนุถ ูˆู‚ุจู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ูŠ ุทูˆู„ ุญุฑู ุงู„c, ูŠุจู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„e ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„i.

ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฏูŠ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู„ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุดูˆุงุฐ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุฏู‡.

Example:

Believe (โ€œiโ€ before โ€œeโ€)
Receive (except after โ€œcโ€)



21/07/2019

Common sentence structure problems:

ู…ู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุธู…ู†ุง ุจูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„sentence structure. ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ูฃ ุญุงุฌุงุช...

1- Fragments
ูˆ ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌูู…ู„ ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุบู„ุจ ููŠู‡ุง ูุงุนู„ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠู‡ุงุด ูุนู„ ุจูŠุญุงูƒูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ูุงุนู„. ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ "ุงู„ุจู†ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ." ูˆ ุงุณูƒุช. ุฃูˆู„ ุณุคุงู„ ู‡ูŠุฎุทุฑ ููŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ "ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ๐Ÿ™„"

2- Run-on sentences
ูˆุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุฌู…ุน ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุด ุตุญ. ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ "ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุช". ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุญุณูŠุช ุฃู†ูƒ ุจุชุชุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ุฎูˆุงู†ุฉ๐Ÿ˜‚

3- Comma splices
ุฏู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ูุตู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฎุงุทุฆ ูุจุชูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุฌูู…ู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู„ู‡ู…ุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ุฉ ุจุฐุงุชู‡ุง. ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุบู„ุทุฉ ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ูุตู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ู…ุด flexible ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ. ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ "ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุงุช." ุฏู‡ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุนู„ูŠ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† run-on.

ุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ุตุญุŸ

ุงู„ุตุญ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูˆุฅู† ู…ููŠุด ุฌูู…ู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุญุชูŠ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู†ุญุท ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูุตู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ.

Example:

1- Fragments: The girl who goes to college.

ุงู„ุญู„ ู†ุดูŠู„ "whoโ€ ุฃูˆ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ุจูุนู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจูŠุญุงูƒูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ุช ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ predicate.

Correction:
The girl goes to college.
OR
The girl who goes to college is very smart.

2- Run-on sentences: The doctor performed the operation the patient died.

ูˆู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

3- Comma splices: The doctor performed the, operation the patient died.

ุงู„ุญู„ ุชุชู‚ุณู… ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠู† ุจsemicolon ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠู† ู…ู†ูุตู„ูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจperiod ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุญุฑู ุนุทู ุฃูˆ conjunction.

Correction:
The doctor performed the operation; the patient died.

OR

The doctor performed the operation. The patient died.

OR

After the doctor performed the operation, the patient died.






20/07/2019

Nora Roberts on plagiarism:

โ€œCertainly the plagiarism, and dealing with the fallout of it, was the most difficult thing I've ever faced since I started writing.โ€

What is plagiarism?

Plagiarism is the academic crime of reciting someoneโ€™s words without giving them credit.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณุฑู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุจุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฏูŠู…ูŠุฉ. ุจู†ูƒุชุจ ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃูˆ ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุดุฎุต ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุง ู†ู†ุณุจู‡ุง ู„ู‡.

ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŸ
ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุŒ ุญุท ู†ูุณูƒ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡/ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง๐Ÿ˜‚

ุงุฒุงูŠ ู…ู†ุนู…ู„ุด ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุฏูŠุŸ

1- Quoting โ€”> saying someoneโ€™s words as they are. In this case you put the words between quotation marks and mention the personโ€™s name.

2- Paraphrasing โ€”> referring to someoneโ€™s ideas, but putting them in your own words. In that case, you mention the personโ€™s name, but you do not need the quotation marks.

Example:

Quoting

Simone de Beauvoir believes that โ€œone is not born, but rather becomes, a womanโ€.

Paraphrasing

According to Simone de Beauvoire, gender roles are socially constructed rather than inherent.

ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠู† ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุฏูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠุŒ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุฎุต ุชุตุฑูุงุชู‡ุง ูˆุดุฎุตูŠุชู‡ุง ูˆุฑุคูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ุฐุงุชู‡ุง ูˆู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชุดูƒู„ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ุฃู…ู„ุงู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงูŠุดุฉ ููŠู‡.
ูƒู„ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุจุตูŠุบุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠ ูˆุชูุงุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„plagiarism ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏุจูŠุฉ.






19/07/2019

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โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”

ุฐุง ุชุงูŠูพูˆ ุจุชูˆูุฑ ุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุชุตุญูŠุญ ูˆุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ู„ุบูˆูŠ ู„ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ู…ู‚ุงู„ุงุชุŒ ุฃุจุญุงุซุŒ ุฑุณุงู„ุงุช ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎ.
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุซู‚ ููŠ ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู‚ุงู„ู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุดุบุงู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ ุฏู‡.
ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุถู…ู†ู„ูƒ ุฅู† ุฃูŠ ู†ุต ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุตู„ุญ ุจู…ู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑููŠุฉ ูˆุฎุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ุฃุฎุทุงุก ู„ุบูˆูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฅู…ู„ุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู†ุญูˆ ูˆุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู…. ูƒู…ุงู† ุจู†ุถู…ู†ู„ูƒู… ุฃู† ุจู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูู…ูŽู„ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุธุจูˆุทุฉ ูˆู…ูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุจู„ุง ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ู„ุฌูู…ู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช.
ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุถูŠู‚.
ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ูŠูƒ. ูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงุจุนุชู„ู†ุง ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง.

19/07/2019

;
When to use a semicolon

A semicolon is used to join two independent clauses as one sentence.

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ู…ู†ูุตู„ูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุชู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงูŠุฒูŠู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู…ุง ู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุจุนุถ.

ู†ุนุฑู ุงุฒุงูŠ ุฅู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ุงุŸ
ู†ุญุท ุจุนุฏ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ period ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠ ูˆู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ.

Example:
โ€”I have an exam tomorrow. I cannot go to the party tonight.

ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ูˆู…ุธุจูˆุทุฉ grammatically.

ุจู…ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุชูŠู† ู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„semicolon ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฑุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู….

โ€”>I have an exam tomorrow; I cannot go to the party tonight.



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