Medical MCQs

Anatomy
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
A. Optic nerve
B. Facial nerve
C. Vagus nerve
D. Trigeminal nerve

Pharmacology
Which of the following drugs is a beta-blocker?
A. Atenolol
B. Amlodipine
C. Furosemide
D. Losartan

Which organism is responsible for tuberculosis?
A. Staphylococcus aureus
B. Escherichia coli
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Streptococcus pneumoniae

Cardiology
What is the most common cause of myocardial infarction?
A. Coronary artery spasm
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Viral infection
D. Congenital defect

1. Endocrinology
Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Oxytocin
D. Melatonin

A patient with chronic hepatitis B develops nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy shows subepithelial immune complex deposition with “spike and dome” appearance. Which immunopathogenic mechanism is responsible?
A. In situ immune complex formation
B. Anti-GBM antibody mediated injury
C. T-cell mediated podocyte apoptosis
D. ANCA-associated vasculitis
E. Amyloid fibril deposition

A septic patient on mechanical ventilation develops sudden hypoxemia. Pulmonary artery catheter shows: PCWP 10 mmHg, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio < 150, diffuse bilateral infiltrates on CXR. The primary pathophysiologic mechanism is:
A. Hydrostatic pulmonary edema
B. Left ventricular systolic failure
C. Increased alveolar-capillary permeability
D. Pulmonary venous obstruction
E. Decreased surfactant production due to hypoxia

A 32-year-old man presents with proximal muscle weakness, heliotrope rash, and Gottron papules. Malignancy screening is most strongly indicated due to association with which autoantibody?
A. Anti-Mi-2
B. Anti-SRP
C. Anti-MDA5
D. Anti-TIF1-γ
E. Anti-Jo-1

A patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes presents with confusion and Kussmaul respiration. ABG: pH 7.08, PaCO₂ 20 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 6 mEq/L. Which compensatory mechanism primarily explains the low PaCO₂?
A. Increased renal hydrogen ion secretion
B. Increased medullary chemoreceptor sensitivity
C. Activation of peripheral chemoreceptors by hypoxemia
D. Central respiratory alkalosis due to cytokines
E. Decreased dead space ventilation

45-year-old woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis develops progressive dyspnea and dry cough. HRCT shows basal predominant reticular opacities with honeycombing. Which autoantibody is most strongly associated with this pulmonary pattern?
A. Anti-dsDNA
B. Anti-Scl-70
C. Anti-Jo-1
D. Anti-CCP
E. Anti-centromere

In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the predominant mechanism of thyroid cell destruction is:
A. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
B. Immune complex deposition
C. CD8⁺ T-cell mediated apoptosis
D. IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
E. Neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis

Which cytokine plays a central role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by promoting synovial inflammation and pannus formation?
A. IL-2
B. IL-4
C. IL-10
D. TNF-α
E. IFN-γ