09/12/2026
Yogi Berra is supposed to have said: "When you come to a fork in the road, take it."
I prefer a slightly different version, one I've used with clients for years: "When faced with only two options — take the third."
It turns out there's real research behind why that matters more than it sounds.
Paul Nutt, a professor at Ohio State, spent decades tracking how organisations actually make strategic decisions — not how they say they make them, how they really do. What he found should make every boardroom uncomfortable.
Most decisions get framed as a "whether or not" question. Should we buy this company, or not. Should we launch this, or not. A straight binary, most often against the status quo. In his research, fewer than three in ten decision-makers ever considered more than one real alternative.
The outcomes split sharply along that line. Binary decisions — one option weighed against doing nothing — failed more than half the time. Decisions that introduced a genuine third path succeeded roughly two-thirds of the time.
That's not a small difference. That's the gap between a coin toss and a strategy.
Why does a third option change the maths so completely? Two reasons, both about human nature more than strategy. A single option invites the team to defend it. Everyone's energy goes into proving the one idea on the table will work, because there's nothing to compare it against. A third option forces actual comparison — attributes against attributes, not conviction against doubt.
And a single option, weighed against "do nothing," often becomes a political fight disguised as analysis. Two camps, one winner. A third path gives the room somewhere else to look. People stop defending positions and start evaluating criteria.
This is dolphin thinking, in practice. Sharks fight for the kill. Carps follow the current. Dolphins play with the problem until a third way surfaces — one that wasn't visible from either original position.
The next time you're staring down a "yes or no," resist it. Not because yes-or-no is always wrong. But check first.
What's the third option you haven't let yourself consider yet?
I am , Father of Brand DNA