12/03/2025
This response to a question on someone's substack post that I commented on a while ago is an important topic so I decided to post it here as well. Spread it around a bit. 😊
Science of Reading is a body of research that studies how children's brains actually learn to read; unlike language it must be taught. Reading is a skill that requires actually neurological changes in the brain. This ability comes at different ages or stages of development because everyone's brain is different. This process is also highly dependent on personality, interests and environment.
So if you think of reading as skill, there are many different aspects that need development before one can be considered a fluent reader. Scarborough's reading rope is a great visual to understand all the individual skills that make up reading as the main skill. SOR actually supports structured phonics as a foundation and rich language experiences, background knowledge, oral language, vocabulary and comprehension building.
As you can see, the environment of an early learner is very important to this process of learning to read. If early learners are enveloped in an environment rich with language experiences - listening and speaking when it comes to reading phonics is one little piece of the puzzle that lets them explore what they already know in a different format. I think whole word learning comes out of a teacher's desire to provide that rich language environment.
Some kids can learn to identify words by their shape or being exposed to them often, but those kids generally have a lot of gaps in their ability to read a passage or to read any unfamiliar language that comes their way.
Even though whole language has been out of fashion, as you say, it is still practiced often alongside phonics because teachers have curriculums they have to follow and content that needs to be learned by students who haven't figured out the phonics system yet.
All of this supports the original post of why traditional classrooms are not the best environments for the support of natural ways of learning. Classrooms have age based groupings and curriculum objectives that do not support neurodevlopment and individual variation. If teachers just teach them the rules of phonics then hopefully they will be able to use those rules when their brain is ready to apply them. If you teach whole word then kids have a few words they know but don't know the rules and don't have any rules to apply to new words.