08/04/2021
Right Form of Verbs-এর যতো নিয়ম
পর্বঃ-০১
ইংরেজি ভাষায় একটি Sentence এ ব্যবহূত প্রতিটি word-ই কোনো না কোনো কাজ করে থাকে। প্রতিটি word-এর মধ্যে Verb সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
সাধারণত যে word দ্বারা কোনো কিছু করা, হওয়া, থাকা, বোঝায় তাকে verb বলে। Verb is the heart of Sentence. তাই Verb কে বাক্যের প্রাণ বলা হয়ে থাকে। Latin শব্দ verbal থেকে এই শব্দটির উৎপত্তি। বাক্য গঠনশৈলীতে Noun-এর পরই Verb এর স্থান। এই Verb, Noun, Pronoun এবং Object কে বিশেষভাবে গতিশীল করে রাখে। Verb ছাড়া কোনো Sentence তৈরি করা যায় না। Verbগুলো সাধারণত Voice, Tense, Mood, Narrarion and Sentence পরিবর্তনে সহায়তা করে থাকে। একটি Sentence এ দুই ধরনের Verb ব্যবহূত হতে পারে। যেমন, Principal verb and Auxiliary verb.
Principal Verb: যে Verb-এর নিজস্ব অর্থ থাকে না, বিভিন্ন প্রকাশের জন্য অন্যের ওপর নির্ভর করতে হয় না, তাকে Principal Verb বলে।
Example : Rana writes an application.
Auxiliary Verb : যে verb-এর নিজস্ব অর্থ থাকে না, বিভিন্ন প্রকার Sentence অথবা Tense, Voice বা Mood-এর রূপ গঠনের জন্য অন্য verb কে সাহায্য করে থাকে তাকে Auxiliary Verb বলে।
Example : Rana is writing an application.
মনে রাখতে হবে যে কোনো কোনো সময় একই verb, principle and Auxiliary দুভাবেই ব্যবহূত হতে পারে। যেমন, I am a student. এখানে ‘am’ Principle verb.
আবার, I am writing a letter. এখানে ‘am’ Auxiliary verb.
Principle Verb and Auxiliary Verb ছাড়াও Finite Verb, Non-Finite Verb, Transitive Verb and Intransitive Verb রয়েছে, এগুলো গঠনের ক্ষেত্রে অগ্রণী ভূমিকা পালন করে থাকে।
Rule-1: Sentence যদি Present Indefinite tense হয় এবং Subject Third Person singular number হয়, তবে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যুক্ত হবে।
She (write) a letter.
Ans : She writes a letter.
The baby (cry).
Ans : The baby cries.
The boy (go) — to school regularly.
Ans: The boy goes to school regularly.
The boy does not (go) — to school daily.
Ans: The boy does not go to school daily.
The boy generally (go) — to college at 8 a.m.
Ans: The boy generally goes to college at 8 a.m.
Try yourself :
Mr. Khan (go) — abroad every month.
His father (come) — home every week.
Rule-2: Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সত্ত্বেও can, must, should-এর পরে verb-এর সঙ্গে s/es যোগ হবে না।
The man can (do) — the work.
Ans: The man can do the work.
She must (come) — to her office in time.
Ans: She must come to her office in time.
The student should (learn) — his lessons regularly.
Ans: The student should learn his lessons regularly.
Try yourself :
He can (walk) — five miles at a time.
The girl must not (go) — to college on foot.
Rule-3: Sentence যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), Habitual fact (অভ্যাসগত কর্ম) ইত্যাদি বোঝায় তাহলে sentenceটি Present Indefinite Tense হয়। যেমন,
The earth (move) — round the sun.
Ans: The earth moves round the sun.
The sun (rise) — the east.
Ans: The sun rises in the east.
The sun (set) — the west.
Ans: The sun sets in the west.
Try yourself :
We know that ice (float) — water.
The teacher said that the earth (be) — round.
Rule-4: কোনো Sentence-এ যদি sometimes, often, always, regularly, daily, everyday, usually, generally, normally, ordinarily, occasionally ইত্যাদি থাকে এবং নিদিষ্ট কোনো সময়ের উল্লেখ না খাকে, তবে Sentenceটি Present Indefinite হবে।
Usually father (walk) in the morning.
Ans : Usually father walks in the morning.
He (get) up early in the morning everyday.
Ans : He gets up early in the morning everyday.
Anwar sometimes (work) in his flower garden.
Ans : Anwar sometimes works in his flower garden.
Sabiha (learn) — her lessons regularly.
Ans: Sabiha learns her lessons regularly.
He always (disturb) — the students.
Ans: He always disturbs the students.
A good student (learn) — his lessons regularly.
Ans: A good student learns his lessons regularly.
Try yourself :
Rahman very often (come) — me.
Does he (read) — the newspaper daily?
Rule-5: বর্তমানে চলছে এমন কোনো কাজ বোঝালে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত Now, at present, at this moment ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়)।
Now the students (sing) — the national anthem.
Ans: Now the students are singing the national anthem.
The boys (watch) — the television now.
Ans: The boys are watching the television now.
They (enjoy) — a song now.
Ans: They are enjoying a song now.
Try yourself :
They (watch) — TV at this moment.
The farmer (cultivate) — his land now.
Rule-6: Sentence-এ have/has থাকলে Sentenceটি present perfect Tense হবে। যেমন,
She has (write) — a letter to her mother.
Ans: She has written a letter to her mother.
I have (have) — my meal.
Ans: I have had my meal.
She had (have) — her letter.
Ans: She had had her letter.
Try yourself :
Have you ever (be) — to the zoo?
Colombus has (discover) — America.
Rule-7: কোনো Sentence-এ যদি already, yet, ever, just, just now, recently, lately, recently, today, this week/year, in the mean time, never, ever ইত্যাদি যুক্ত থাকে, তাহলে Sentenceটি Present perfect tense হবে।
Have you ever (be) to Cox-Bazar?
Ans : Have you ever been to Cox-Bazar?
I (receive) the letter just now.
Ans : I have received the letter just now.
He (join) there recently.
Ans : He has joined there recently.
I (not see) you this week.
Ans : I have not seen you this week.
Rabeya (take) — her dinner just now.
Ans: Rabeya has taken her dinner just now.
I (see) — him recently.
Ans: I have seen him recently.
He already (reach) — home.
Ans: He has already reached home.
Try yourself :
Have you ever (be) — to the zoo?
Have you not (receive) — my letter yet?
Rule- 8: Sentence-এ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, every thing, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাকলে verb-এর Singular Number হয়। যেমন,
Every mother (love)__ her child.
Ans: Every mother loves her child.
One of the students (be)__ very brilliant.
Ans: One of the students is/was very brilliant.
Each of the boys (be)__present yesterday.
Ans: Each of the boys was present yesterday.
Try yourself :
Many a boy (ruin)__his career through laziness.
Neither of the two boys (be) ….. present today.
Rule- 9: একই দৈর্ঘ্য পরিমাণ বা স্থান বোঝালে Subject দেখতে Plural হলেও verb-এর Singular Number হয়।
Previously fifty miles (be) — a long way.
Ans: Previously fifty miles was a long way.
Twenty miles (be) — not a great distance now a days.
Ans: Twenty miles is not a great distance now a days.
Sixty cents (be) — was enough for him.
Ans: Sixty cents is/was was enough for him.
Try yourself:
Twenty dollars (be) — not sufficient in time.
Fifty cents (be) — enough at that time.
Rule-10: Yesterday, ago, long since, long before, last night, last weak, last month, day before yesterday ইত্যাদি অতীত সূচক শব্দ বা Phrase sentence-এ থাকলে Past Indefinite tense অর্থাৎ Verb-এর Past form হয়।
I (draw) a picture yesterday.
Ans : 1 drew a picture yesterday.
I (get) the parcel last month.
Ans : I got the parcel last month.
You (visit) there long before.
Ans : You visited there long before.
The boy (go) — home yesterday.
Ans: The boy went home yesterday.
She did not (go) — to college yesterday.
Ans: She did not go to college yesterday.
Did he (come) — home yesterday?
Ans: Did he come home yesterday?
Try yourself :
The man (go) — London last week.
He (leave) — home last night.
আগামীকাল বিকাল ০৫ ঘটিকায় ২য় পর্ব পোস্ট করা হবে।
নিজে শিখো,বন্ধুদের সাথে শেয়ার করো।
কিছু না বুঝলে কমেন্ট করো। যথাযথ উত্তর দেয়ার চেষ্টা করবো।
ধন্যবাদ
সাব্বির হোসেন
আইন বিভাগ ( অধ্যয়নরত)
বশেমুরবিপ্রবি।
