09/02/2025
āĻāϞā§āύ " A White Bus" āĻ āĻāĻ ā§ āĻāĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāϏāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āĻāϏāĻžāĻĨā§ Subordinate conjunction āĻā§āϞ⧠āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāύ⧠āĻĢā§āϞāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻā§āύ āύāĻž, Subordinate conjunctions āĻāĻŋāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϞ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ Subordinate clause āϏāĻšāĻā§āĻ āϧāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύāĨ¤
Subordinate Conjunction āϏāĻš āĻāϰ āĻĄāĻžāύāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ (Sub+ Finite Verb) āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻ āĻšāϞ⧠Subordinate ClauseāĨ¤ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ
āĻĒāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāϞ⧠Dependent ClauseāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāύ, Subordinate clause, Principal /Main/independent clause āĻāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝāĨ¤
Clause (āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļ- āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļ) āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ Connected āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āύāĻžāύā§āϝāĻžā§ā§ āĻ¯ā§ ā§Š āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ sentence āĻāĻā§ (Simple, Complex & Compound) āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĨ¤
āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§, Subordinate Clause (S.C) + Principal Clause (P.C) = Complex sentence ( āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ/āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
Subordinate clause āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰāϤ⧠āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ Coordinate conjunctions āĻāϰ āύā§āĻŽā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϞā§, " FAN BOYS"āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āϝāĻāύ ⧍āĻāĻž Principal clause āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāϏ⧠āϝ⧠āϧāϰāύā§āϰ sentence āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠Compound sentence (āϝā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
S.C+ P.C = Complex sentence
P.C+ P.C = Compound sentence. (āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ Coordinate conjunction āĻŦāϏā§)
One More thing, āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻž Principal Clause āĻ āĻšāϞ⧠Simple Sentence (āϏāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ).
Simple sentence : āĻāĻā§/āĻĒāϰ⧠Phrase āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§§āĻāĻž Subject, ā§§āĻāĻž Finite Verb( āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž) āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ non-finite verb āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ Sentence āĻā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠Simple sentence.
Giving him a glare, The traffic Sergeant told him to show his driving license. āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻž Simple Sentence.
Giving him a glare - āĻāĻ āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻž Phrase (āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ) -- āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŽ ⧍āĻāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞā§āĻ āϏā§āĻāĻž Phrase āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ Phrase āĻ Sub+ Finite Verb āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āύāĻžāĨ¤
I Slapped him because he misbehaved with me.
āĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻž Complex sentenceāĨ¤ Clause āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ⧠sentence āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ, āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠Subordinate Conjunction āĻšāϞ⧠Because, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĄāĻžāύāĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻāĻž āĻšāϞ⧠Subordinate Clause. Because he misbehaved with me ( Subordinate Clause) āĻāϰ āĻ
āĻĒāϰ āĻ
āĻāĻļ ( I Slapped him) āĻšāϞ⧠Principal Clause. āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻāĻāĻž Subordinate clause + āĻāĻāĻāĻž Principal clause āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻž Complex sentence.
Read attentively Or You'll fail in the exam.
āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠Read attentively āĻšāϞ⧠Principal clause. Coordinate conjunction āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ Or āĻŦāϏā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻāĻž Principal clause (You'll fail in the exam) āĻŦāϏā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ, P.C + Co-ordinate conjunction + P.C = Compound sentence.
āϝāϤāĻāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āϝāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĢāϞāĻĒā§āϰāϏ⧠āĻšā§ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻā§āϞāĻžāϏ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§ā§āĨ¤
clause āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĨ¤ Changing sentence āĻāϰ Simple, Complex, Compound āĻāϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠H.S.C Academic āĻāϰ English 2nd Paper āĻ "Changing Sentence " āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāϏāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻŋ,, āĻā§āĻ āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ āϞā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāϏāĻŦā§ āĻšā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĨ¤ āϧāύā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ â¤ī¸