Anis Sir

Anis Sir This page is created to support students who want to improve their English language skills and academic knowledge.

Here you will find helpful lessons on English grammar, vocabulary, writing, reading, and literature. The goal of this page is to make English learning easy, practical, and accessible for all students. Regular posts will include explanations, examples, exercises, and useful tips for students preparing for school, college, and competitive examinations. Students are encouraged to follow the page, participate in discussions, ask questions, and practice regularly.

20/08/2026

📚 āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻ“? āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ!
āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇, āϤāĻŦ⧁āĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻĢāϞ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϕ⧇āω āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻž āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ? āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇āĨ¤
āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχāĻ˛ā§‡â€”
đŸŽ¯ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧋
āφāϜ āϕ⧀ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦ⧇, āĻ•āϤāϟ⧁āϕ⧁ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦā§‡â€”āφāϗ⧇āχ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤
āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ: “āφāϜ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦ” āύāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇ “āφāϜ Tense-āĻāϰ ⧍āϟāĻŋ Rule āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ⧍ā§ĻāϟāĻŋ MCQ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦāĨ¤â€
⏰ āϛ⧋āϟ āϛ⧋āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§‹
āĻāĻ•āϟāĻžāύāĻž āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŽāύ⧋āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āϛ⧋āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧋āĨ¤
âœī¸ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧋
āĻŦāχ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹â€”â€œāφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāϏāϞ⧇ āϕ⧀ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϞāĻžāĻŽ?”
āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
🔄 āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ Revision āĻ•āϰ⧋
āφāϜ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϞ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϭ⧁āϞ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧋āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻ…āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϞ⧇āĻ“ āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤
đŸ“ĩ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ“
āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§‹āĻŦāĻžāχāϞ⧇āϰ Notification, āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ Social Media āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ distraction āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
❓ āύāĻž āĻŦ⧁āĻāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰ⧋
āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ āϚ⧁āĻĒ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧋ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•, āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āύāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤
āϏāĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰ⧇āĻ–ā§‹â€”āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻĢāϞ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āϛ⧋āϟ āϛ⧋āϟ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏāχ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
“āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āύāϝāĻŧ—āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻ•āϟ⧁ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāχ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āĨ¤â€

✍đŸŧ-Anis Sir
lecturerer in English

Spoken English series Subject–Verb AgreementHe / She / It + s/es — āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻ–āύ Verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ s/es āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϏāĻš...
20/08/2026

Spoken English series

Subject–Verb Agreement
He / She / It + s/es — āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻ–āύ Verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ s/es āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϏāĻšāϜ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽ, āϏāĻšāϜ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖâ€”āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āφāϰāĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āϞāĨ¤ ✨

20/08/2026

āĻ•āϞ⧇āĻœā§‡ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁
ā§¨ā§Š āϏ⧇āĻĒā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ,
āĻ­āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ ⧍ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ā§§ā§Ļ āϏ⧇āĻĒā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ

10/05/2026

Reciprocal Pronoun (āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ)
āϝ⧇ pronoun āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ Reciprocal Pronoun āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤
Types / Kinds of Reciprocal Pronoun
There are 2 kinds:
Each other → āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχāϜāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
One another → āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχāϜāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
Examples
1. Each other
Rahim and Karim help each other.
→ āϰāĻšāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
The two friends love each other.
→ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧇āĨ¤
2. One another
The students help one another.
→ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
We should respect one another.
→ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤

07/05/2026

Possessive Pronoun
A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that shows ownership or possession.
It replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
Examples:
This book is mine.
That house is theirs.
Kinds of Possessive Pronoun
Possessive pronouns are mainly of two kinds:
1. Strong / Absolute Possessive Pronouns
These pronouns stand alone and do not come before a noun.
Examples:
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
theirs
Sentences:
This pen is mine.
The red car is hers.
The victory was theirs.
2. Weak / Adjectival Possessives
These are used before nouns as possessive adjectives.
Examples:
my
your
his
her
our
their
Sentences:
This is my book.
Their house is beautiful.
Our school is large.
Difference Between Possessive Pronoun and Possessive Adjective
Possessive Pronoun
Possessive Adjective
mine
my
yours
your
hers
her
ours
our
theirs
their
Examples:
This bag is mine. (pronoun)
This is my bag. (adjective)

06/05/2026

Indefinite Pronoun (āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ)
An indefinite pronoun refers to a person, thing, or amount that is not specific.
Kinds of Indefinite Pronouns with Examples
1. Indefinite Pronouns for People (āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ)
Examples: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody
Someone is calling you.
Everybody likes music.
Nobody was absent today.
2. Indefinite Pronouns for Things (āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ)
Examples: something, anything, everything, nothing
Something is in my bag.
I don’t need anything.
Everything is ready.
3. Indefinite Pronouns for Quantity (āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ)
Examples: some, any, much, many, few, little, several, all, none
Some are missing.
Many were invited.
Few understand the problem.
4. Distributive Indefinite Pronouns (āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ)
Examples: each, either, neither
Each of the boys got a prize.
Either of the roads leads to the school.
Neither of them is guilty.
Important Notes
Most indefinite pronouns take singular verbs:
Everyone is happy.
Some can be singular or plural depending on context:
All is well. / All are present.

05/05/2026

Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns used to ask questions. They replace nouns in a question.
🔹 Kinds of Interrogative Pronouns with Examples
1. Who – used for people (subject)
Who is calling you?
Who broke the window?
2. Whom – used for people (object)
Whom did you meet yesterday?
Whom are you talking to?
3. Whose – shows possession
Whose book is this?
Whose pen did you take?
4. Which – used for choosing from a limited group (people or things)
Which is your bag?
Which student came first?
5. What – used for things, ideas, or general questions
What is your name?
What are you doing?
🔸 Note:
These pronouns are used at the beginning of questions.
They can refer to people, things, or possession.

04/05/2026

A modifier is a word or group of words that gives more information about another word in a sentence (usually a noun, verb, or adjective).
🔹 Kinds of Modifiers with Examples
1. Adjective Modifier
Modifies a noun or pronoun.
Example:
She has a beautiful dress.
(beautiful modifies dress)
The tall boy is playing.
(tall modifies boy)
2. Adverb Modifier
Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Example:
He runs quickly.
(quickly modifies runs)
She is very smart.
(very modifies smart)
3. Phrase Modifier
A group of words (phrase) that modifies another word.
Example:
The boy with a red shirt is my friend.
(modifies boy)
She is sitting on the chair.
(modifies sitting)
4. Clause Modifier
A clause (has subject + verb) that modifies a word.
Example:
The man who is talking is my teacher.
(modifies man)
I know the place where he lives.
(modifies place)
5. Limiting Modifier
Gives specific or exact information (not descriptive, but restrictive).
Example:
Only Rahim passed the exam.
(only limits who passed)
She has just arrived.
(just limits time)
🔹 Simple Definition (for exam)
Modifier = a word/phrase/clause that adds extra information to another word.

03/05/2026

Reflexive Pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is used when the subject and object of a sentence are the same person or thing.
List of Reflexive Pronouns
myself
yourself / yourselves
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
themselves
Kinds (Uses) of Reflexive Pronouns
1. As Object (Direct/Indirect Object)
When the subject does something to itself.
I hurt myself.
She made herself a cup of tea.
2. Emphatic (Intensive) Use
To give emphasis to the subject.
I did the āĻ•āĻžāϜ myself.
The principal himself came to the class.
3. After Preposition
Used after a preposition when subject = object.
He is talking to himself.
She looked at herself in the mirror.
4. For Certain Expressions
Used in fixed expressions.
Enjoy yourself.
Help yourself.
Behave yourself. (correct: Behave yourself)
Important Note
❌ Wrong: He took the book for myself
✅ Correct: He took the book for me.

02/05/2026

Relative Pronoun (āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽ) āĻāĻŽāύ pronoun āϝāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ noun-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ clause āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āχ noun āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤
🔹 Kinds of Relative Pronouns with Examples:
1. Who (āϝ⧇ / āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ) – āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ
👉 The boy who is playing is my brother.
(āϝ⧇ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϟāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϞāϛ⧇ āϏ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāχ)
2. Whom (āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ / āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰāϕ⧇) – āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ object āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇
👉 The man whom I met was kind.
(āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧟āĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ)
3. Whose (āϝāĻžāϰ / āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ) – possession āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ
👉 The girl whose bag is lost is crying.
(āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ— āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻŽā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĻāϛ⧇)
4. Which (āϝāĻž / āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ) – āϜ⧜āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ
👉 This is the book which I bought.
(āĻāϟāĻžāχ āϏ⧇āχ āĻŦāχ āϝāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ)
5. That (āϝ⧇ / āϝāĻž) – āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻ“ āϜ⧜āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āωāĻ­ā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ
👉 The car that he bought is new.
(āϝ⧇ āĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϏ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāύ⧇āϛ⧇ āϤāĻž āύāϤ⧁āύ)
6. Where (āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇) – āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇
👉 This is the place where I live.
(āĻāϟāĻžāχ āϏ⧇āχ āϜāĻžā§ŸāĻ—āĻž āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ)
7. When (āϝāĻ–āύ) – āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇
👉 I remember the day when we met.
(āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏ⧇āχ āĻĻāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ)
8. Why (āϕ⧇āύ) – āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇
👉 I know the reason why he left.
(āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āϕ⧇āύ āϏ⧇ āϚāϞ⧇ āϗ⧇āϛ⧇)
🔹 Note:
Who / Whom / Whose → people
Which → things
That → people + things (common in spoken English)

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