18/05/2025
āĻĄāĻž.āϏā§āύāĻŋāĻā§āϧāĻž āϤāĻžāϞā§āĻāĻĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻā§āĻžāϞ āĻĨā§āĻā§,
"āĻāϤ āĻāĻĄāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϰā§āĻā§ āĻāϏ⧠āĻļāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϏā§āϤāĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž ,āĻĒā§āĻ āĻĢā§āϞāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĨ¤ History āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϞāĻžāĻŽ,ā§§ā§Ģ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻž āύāώā§āĻ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϤāĻžāϰ D&c āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻāĻ āĻ āύā§āϧ⧠āĻāĻĄāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ āϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻā§āĻ āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻāĻŋāϞ āύāĻž, āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāώā§āĻāĻāϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āϞ, āĻ āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϞāĻāϞ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āĻ āĻ āĻāϏāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻšāĻž āĻĄā§āĻĄāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ, D&c āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻ āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĢā§āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āϏāϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻ āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻā§āĻ āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻž āĻĄā§āĻĄāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ Surgery āĻĄāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻŽā§āύā§āĻ āϝāĻāύ āϏā§āĻāĻž āĻ
āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻāϰāϞā§, āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āϞ āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻāϏāϞā§āĻ āϤāĻžāĻāĨ¤ āĻ āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻšāĻž āĻĄāĻŧ āϰā§āĻā§āϰ peritoneal cavity āϤ⧠(āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāύāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§)āĨ¤
āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āϞā§āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϤ āϏāĻž āĻšāϏ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϰāĻāĻŽ D&c āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻžāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§?"
25/12/2024
Age :Children (6-12 years mostly)
BP (blood pressure): high
Past history sore throat(āĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāĻž)or tonsilitis or skin infection
Puffy face or swelling around eye
Urine : cola coloured or dark red urine
Diagnosis: AGN (post streptococcal glomerular nephritis
26/11/2024
āϰāĻžāϤ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ!
āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϏāĻāĻŋāĻĻ āĻā§āĻā§āĻā§ āĻĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ?
āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻšāϤā§āϝāĻž āĻāϰāϞā§āύ āĻāĻĄāĻā§āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ ? āĻāĻāĻž āĻā§āĻŽāύ āĻāĻā§āϰāϤāĻž??
āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻ*āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
12/11/2024
āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻŽā§āĻ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻā§ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŽāϏāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ
āϰā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ (āĻāϏāĻāϏāϏāĻŋ ā§Ģā§Ļ,āĻāĻāĻāĻāϏāϏāĻŋ ā§Ģā§Ļ)
āϏā§āĻā§āύā§āĻĄ āĻāĻžāĻāĻŽāĻžāϰāĻĻā§āϰ ā§Š āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻšāĻŦā§
āĻāĻŽāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻāĻŽā§āύā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
āϏā§āϰā§āϏ- independent24
08/10/2024
īŧ¯īŧ´īŧŖ īŧ¤īŊīŊīŊīŊ:
OTC āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠Over The Counter āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āϝ⧠āĻāώā§āϧ āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻžāϰā§āϰ Prescription āĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻ āϝā§āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĢāĻžāϰā§āĻŽā§āϏāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύ āϤāĻžāĻā§ OTC (āĻāĻāĻŋāϏāĻŋ) āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāϏāĻŋāύ āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ
āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŽāϞ (Paracetamol) â āĻā§āĻŦāϰ āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ (Antacid) â āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
āĻāϰ āϝ⧠āĻāώā§āϧ āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻžāϰā§āϰ Prescription āĻāĻžā§āĻž āĻāĻŋāύāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύ āύāĻž āϏā§āĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§ Prescription Medicine āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ āĻāύā§āĻāĻŦāĻžā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ, āĻŦā§āϞāĻžāĻĄ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻļāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāώā§āϧ, āĻĄāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāϏā§āϰ āĻāώā§āϧāĨ¤
āĻāϞā§āύ āĻā§āύ⧠āύā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āϝā§āϏāĻāϞ OTC Drug āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āϝāĻžā§āĨ¤
OTC Medicine List In Bangladesh:
-----------------------------------------------------
ā§§) āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāϰ āĻāώā§āϧ (Anti-helmintic)
1. Albendazole Chewable Tablet
2. Mebendazole Tablet/Suspension
⧍) āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāώā§āϧ
3. Milk of Magnesia Suspension
4. Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Suspension
ā§Š) āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ āĻ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻžāϰā§āϞ
5. Ascorbic Acid (Vit-C) Chewable Tablet/Syrup
6. Riboflavin (Vit-B2)
7. Multivitamin Tablets/Capsules/Drops
8. Vitamin A Capsule
9. Vitamin B Complex (individual or combination) Tablet/Syrup/Drops
10. Calcium Tablet
11. Ferrous (Sulphate, Gluconate & Fumarate) Tablet/Capsule/Syrup
ā§Ē) āĻā§āϞāĻāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻ āĻā§āĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻā§āĻž (Parasiticidal)
12. Benzyl Benzoate Lotion
13. Permethrin Ointment/Cream
ā§Ģ) āĻāύā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžā§ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ
14. Chloramphenicol Eye/Ear Ointment/Drops
15. Neomycin/Gentamycin/Bacitracin or combination Ointment/Cream/ Dusting Powder
16. Silver Sulphadiazine Ointment
17. Metronidazole
ā§Ŧ) āϤā§āĻŦāĻā§āϰ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāϏ āϏāĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ
18. Salicylic Acid + Benzoic Acid Ointment
ā§) āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŖā§āύāĻžāĻļāĻ (Antiseptic)
19. Chlorhexidine Lotion/Cream
20. Chloroxylenol Lotion/Cream
21. Povidone Iodine
22. Gentian Violet
ā§Ž) āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāĻžāύāĻļāĻ āĻāώā§āϧ
23. Paracetamol/Acetaminophen Tablet/Syrup/Suspension/Suppository
24. Diclofenac Gel
25. Methyl Salicylate Gel
⧝) āĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻāώā§āϧ
26. Dextromethorphan Syrup- dry cough
ā§§ā§Ļ) āĻāύā§āĻāĻŋ-āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ
27. Chlorpheniramine MaleateTablet/Syrup
28. Diphenhydramine
ā§§ā§§) āύāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĄā§āϰāĻĒ (Decongestant)
29. Xylometazoline 0.1% Nasal Drops
⧧⧍) āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻĨ āĻā§āĻžāϏ
30. Mouthwash Preparations
31. Potassium Permanganate Granules for gargling
ā§§ā§Š) āĻāώāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻāĻžāύāĻž (Constipation)
32. Bisacodyl
33. Psyllium Husk
34. Glycerin Suppository
35. Senna
ā§§ā§Ē) āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋāĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻŦ (Anti-emetic)
36. Promethazine Theoclae Tablet
ā§§ā§Ģ) āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ (Asthma)
37. Salbutamol Tablet
ā§§ā§Ŧ) Medical Supplies/Other
38. Condoms
39. Low Dose Contraceptive Pills
40. Ni****ne patches/gum
41. Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)
By
Md Eyaman Islam Emon
4th Year MBBS
Nilphamari Medical College
ref: Clear Concept
07/10/2024
đŧđĒđŠđ¤đĨđ¨đŽ
đ¯What is autopsy?
Autopsy or necropsy means postmortem examination of a body for medical, legal or scientific purposes.
đ¯What are the types of autopsy?
1.Medicolegal Autopsy : āύā§āϝāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϝāĻāύ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāύāύā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻžāϞ āĻĄā§āĻĨ( āϏā§āĻāϏāĻžāĻāĻĄ, āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ) āĻšā§āĻž āĻĄā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋāϰ āĻ
āĻā§āĻĒāϏāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
2.Pathological Autopsy:Is is performed by a pathologist or a clinician to diagnose the cause of death. This is not performed in our country.
3.Anatomical Autopsy:āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻžāύā§āϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĢāĻžāϏā§āĻ āĻā§āĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻā§āĻĄā§āύā§āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻļāύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāύāĻžāĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĨ¤
đ¯Who can perform autopsy?
ā§§.āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϰ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĢāϰā§āύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāϏāĻŋāύ āĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
⧍.āϏāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϞ āϏāĻžāϰā§āĻāύā§āϰ āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧠RMO(residental medical officer) āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āύāĨ¤
āĻŦā§āϰā§āϏāϞāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāύ āϏā§āĻā§āĻĄā§āύā§āĻ āĻā§āĻļā§āĻā§āύ āĻāϰāϞā§,
āϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ āϝ⧠autopsy āĻā§āύ āĻāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž?
â
To know the cause of death.
āĻāĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻ âĄī¸Manner of death
âĄī¸Time of death
âĄī¸Identification.
āĻŦā§āϰā§āϏāϞāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĨ¤ đ
āĻŦāϞ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϞā§,āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ medicolegal /forensic autopsy āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒā§āϰ autopsy āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ ,
To know cause of :
đ° unnatural death
đ°suspicious death
đ° sudden death
āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ :
clinical/diagnostic/pathological autopsy āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻāύ patient treatment āύā§āĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āϞā§āύ āϤāĻžāϰ evaluation āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ Constitutional law supported āύāĻž, āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ autopsy āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āύā§āĨ¤đĢ
āĻāĻāύ, āĻāĻ autopsy āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āϞāĻžāĻāĻŦā§?
What are the prerequisites of autopsy?
đ Challan
â
It is a governments prescribed tabulated form written by investigation officer submitted to medical officer while handling over the dead body to perform autopsy.
đInquest report
â
āĻĄā§āĻĄāĻŦāĻĄāĻŋāϰ āϝāĻžāĻŦāϤā§ā§ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ āĻāύā§āϏāĻĒā§āĻā§āĻāϰ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§ā§ā§āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ āϏā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
đī¸Accompanying police constable should identify the deadbody
đī¸Death certificate in case of hospital death đī¸Photography in case of unknown
đī¸Medical Personnel
đī¸Ideal Mortuary
āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϏāĻŦ prerequisite āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§ āĻā§āϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ autopsy āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ ready.đ¯
đ´Autopsy āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ examine āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
1ī¸âŖExternally
2ī¸âŖInternally
đExternal examination mainly focuses on injury. āϝā§āĻŽāύ:
đī¸in hanging/strangulation case âĄī¸ligeture around neck
đī¸in fall from height âĄī¸ any pressure on vertebral collumn
đī¸in stab on case âĄī¸ site if stabbing
đī¸in drowning caseâĄī¸ sands/muds on body
etc.
āĻāĻāύ externally āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻļā§āώ⧠internally āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ 3 āĻāĻž cavity open āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
From beginning to end:
đī¸Thoracic
đī¸Abdominal
đī¸Cranial
āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻ cavity open āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ incision system āĻšā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻāĻŋāύā§āύāĨ¤â
Thoracic & Abdominal cavity opened by 3 incisionâī¸
đI incision
âĄī¸ chin āĻĨā§āĻā§ symphysis p***s āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
đY incision
âĄī¸Acromian process āĻĨā§āĻā§ below the fold of the breast āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ curved line āĻšā§ā§ symphysis p***s āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
đModified Y incision
âĄī¸āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ Mastoid Process āĻĨā§āĻā§ clavicle āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ Suprasternal notch āĻ āĻāϏ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ symphysis p***s āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
â
â
āĻŦāϞ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŋ, āϤāĻŋāύ āϧāϰāĻŖā§āϰ incision āĻĻāĻŋāϤā§āĻ umbilicus āĻ incision āύāĻž āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ surround āĻāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ autopsy āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠stich āĻāϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤ Umbilicus āĻ dense fibrous tissue āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻ stich āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āĻšā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
đCranial cavity open āĻāϰāϤ⧠2 āϧāϰāĻŖā§āϰ incision āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
1ī¸âŖCoronal Incision
âĄī¸ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ mastoid process āĻĨā§āĻā§ vertex āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āϰ mastoid process āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ incision āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
âĄī¸āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠orbital protuberance āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠occipital protuberance āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ skin flap āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§
đCircular Incision
âĄī¸āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠orbital ridge āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠occipital protuberance āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ circular incision āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§
âĄī¸āĻĒā§āĻāύ⧠occipital protuberance intact āϰā§āĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻĨā§āĻā§ skin flap āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§
Incision āĻļā§āώāĨ¤
â
āĻŦā§āϝāϏ āĻāĻāύ internal examinaton āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻĄāĻŋ
Nilphamari Medical College
Md Eyaman Islam Emon( 4th year)
06/10/2024
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06/10/2024
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06/10/2024
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