SA TeachPoint

05/10/2026

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05/10/2026

One of the most foundational concepts in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) is properly connecting an LED using a current-limiting resistor.
​ Circuit Components:
​9V Battery: The DC power source providing voltage.
​330Ω Resistor: Controls and limits the current flow to prevent the LED from burning out.
​Red LED: Emits light when the circuit loop is completed.
​Breadboard & Jumper Wires: Used for clean and solderless connections.
​ Working Principle (Ohm's Law):
Current flows from the positive (+) terminal of the 9V battery through the red wire into the 330 Omega resistor. The resistor creates necessary resistance to limit the current to a safe level (around 20mA). The current then passes through the LED, causing it to glow brightly, and returns to the negative (-) terminal via the black wire to complete the closed loop.
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20/09/2026

20/09/2026

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19/09/2026

Collected

07/09/2026

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06/09/2026

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05/09/2026

Charge and Current

Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C)

The law of conservation of charge states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred. Thus, the algebraic sum of the electric charges in a system does not change.

This motion of charges creates electric current.

It is conventional to take the current flow as the movement of positive charges. That is, opposite to the flow of negative charges.

This convention was introduced by Benjamin Franklin. Although we now know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons, we will follow the universally accepted convention that current is the net flow of positive charges.

04/09/2026

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03/09/2026

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