Vocabulary.org

14 April-2019
# ইলিশ-মাছ নিয়ে মা ও মেয়ের মধ্যে একটি দারুণ গল্প। সময় নিয়ে পড়বেন,
whimper-ঘ্যানঘ্যান করে বলা
scowled-মুখ বিকৃত করে তাকানো/ তীক্ষ্ণতার সাথে তাকানো
feisty -কুস্বভাব/ খারাপ
gibberish-অর্থহীন কথা
barked-চিল্লাইয়া / উচ্চস্বরে বলা
grin (grinning)- হেসে বলা (বোকার মত হেসে বলা)
adamant-অনমনীয়/ হীরক
aroma-সুবাস/ সুগন্ধী
dietary-খাদ্যতালিকাগত
staple-প্রধানতম
sniff-গ্রহন করা/ শোষণশোঁকা
hoarsely-গর্জনসহকারে বলা
voracious appetite-লোভী/প্রচন্ড ক্ষুধা
exhaust- শেষ হয়ে যাওয়া
screech-কর্কশ তীক্ষ্ন ধ্বনি করা
holler ( hollered)- উচ্চসহকারে / কর্কশ সহকারে বলা
frantically-উন্মত্তভাবে (একটু রাগান্বিত হয়ে)
fellow-সহকর্মী/ সঙ্গী
smirk (smirking)- হাসা (কৃত্রিম হাসি হাসা)
faintly-দুর্বলভাবে
beatific-আনন্দময়
hassle-ঝগড়া/ মারামারি
literary-সাহিত্য
mother told me to get a big Ilish maach for Pohela Baishakh. My face went pale. However much I claimed to love my mother, I had no wish to go to the maachher bazaar.

I whimpered, “I’m a girl, Amma. The few times I had been to fish-market, I ended in disaster. Remember, I even fell down and created a scene at the bazaar? And you want me to go to there for Ilish?” Mother was ill but her temper was as unpredictable as ever. She raised her head a little from her pillows and scowled at me like a cat. At that moment, she looked exactly like the feisty grey cat that many have seen frolicking about the Road 4 and 5 of Dhanmondi.

“When have I ever asked you to go to fish-market? What gibberish! Go straight to Agora and get the Ilish. And bring a big one.” Then she started grumbling about the inefficiency of her two children (poor me and my poor brother), the two lazy buas who apparently gossiped through the day, and the two useless drivers that did nothing but smoke.

I looked around her room. It was clean and shining—obviously the buas kept it neat and clean. I had just been to the bathroom, and it was spotless too. I am at least five times pickier than my mom and I would be yelling at the maids if they left things in a sorry condition. They were actually more scared of me than my mother. I sighed and got up.

It was only April 3 and she wanted the fish right away. I did try to make my mother understand that hilsa would indeed be available a day or two before April 14. But as things were, it was easier to placate my entire extended family, but my mother would not be satisfied. I did ask Jamal bhai, my driver (he was not strictly speaking my driver, but a friend’s), to get a hilsa. Unfortunately, the fish-market men had secreted the hilsa or frozen them at the prospect of Pohela Baishakh. All there was to be had were what they call Jatka (young hilsa).

As I was going out of her room, my mother barked, “A big Ilish, you understand? I don’t want to eat Ilish all the year round, do I? Just on Pohela Baishakh. Why have you pulled a long face?” I turned around to give her the flash of dazzling smile and then hurried out of her room. The two buas were grinning at me at the prospect of hilsa. I remembered that only a few months earlier, Mom had thrown out two whole hilsa my uncle had brought for my dad. She was adamant that she could not possibly inhale the aroma of cooked Ilish. She had been ill for quite some time and had dietary restrictions. Somehow our healthy food habit also irked her. Only the other day she was shouting at me for having kochu shak bharta. “How did that thing get on the dining table? Don’t you know that I hate kochu?”

Sometimes I couldn’t help wondering what had gone wrong. She was always so caring and had our favourite dishes on the table. At our home, the staple these days were soft rice, green papaya, gourd, bitter-gourd, plantain, potato and two or three types of fish that were cooked alternately. Oh, and chicken and eggs, of course. But nothing else could enter the kitchen. She would sniff the air and if scented anything else, there would be havoc. My father had a voracious appetite but whenever he wanted beef or some other kind of meat, mom would whisper hoarsely, “How can you think of eating when I’m so ill?”

Anyway, I should have been happy that she had finally agreed to have hilsa at home. But if I didn’t get it within a day or two, she would surely start screaming and exhaust herself in the process. I heaved a sigh again and asked Jamal bhai to drive me to Agora which was just a few blocks away. Yes, there were fish, alright. There were huge sized ruis, katlas, boal and what not, and different kinds of sea-fish. There were pomfreys, shrimps and lobsters. Tunas, crabs and squids even. But no sign of my mom’s precious Ilish. I asked the vendors and learnt that they would surely come before the Pohela Baishakh. They showed me the jatkas, as usual. Those were barely a foot long and staring at me from the ice. One of the men grinned, “Don’t you worry, Madam. The Ilish are being prepared for the Pohela Baishakh.” I was exasperated and bit out, “Yes, of course. You are raising them from the eggs to sell at an exorbitant price.” The man who knew me as a regular customer, touched his earlobes with both hands and said, “What are you saying, Madam? Would we do that?”

I instructed both Mamun and Jamal Bhai to be on the lookout for a big hilsa. There were none at the regular fish market. The only problem was that my mother would not believe us. She said she knew that there were Ilish hidden somewhere in those super shops, but we, her two good-for-nothing children were unable to fulfill the wishes of a dying mother. As I was heading to the university, I suddenly saw one of the trucks that sold fish. These were run by the government I had heard and they usually carry fresh fish.

“Jamal Bhai, stop,” I screeched. Jamal Bhai, thankfully, was an expert driver and hence managed not to collide with the road divider. He asked politely, “What’s it, Apu? Have you forgotten something? Should I go back home?”

“No, no, stop by the fish truck. Maybe, they’ll have Ilish.”

Jamal bhai parked the car behind the fish truck. As I got down, I could see two men sitting under the truck and working away on large fishes—scaling, chopping and slicing for waiting customers.

Jamal Bhai also got down with me. “Hey, do you have Ilish?” he hollered.

One of the fellows looked at us and laughed. “It’s not Pohela Baishakh yet. You look for Ilish a day or two before the Pohela Baishakh. Have other kinds now. We’ve Rui and Pangash—fresh from the pond. Would you like some?”

I shook my head and said, “They’re good fish but mother wants Ilish. And she wants it NOW.”

I wondered frantically where else we could get hilsa. We had been to Meena Bazar, to Shopno. Hilsa was nowhere to be found. Mamun, my brother’s driver, is a young fellow and full of ideas. He scratched his head and asked if catching an Ilsha would not be easier.

On the morning of Apil 8, I woke up with an aching neck and sore body. I had been dreaming of at ten hilsas smirking at me. I was sure if it went like this a few more days, I would wake up as an Ilish Maach myself. Someone rang the bell and I looked at the wall-clock. It was 7:10. Who could it be? I could faintly hear voices since my room was right beside the main entrance. I thought I heard “Ilish maach!” I bolted and ran out of the bedroom. Oh, our full-time bua was standing with a wide smile at the door, chatting away amiably while Jamal Bhai and Mamun stood holding out not one but two beautiful silver hilsas. Both were quite big. I could not fathom how the two of them got together so early in the morning since they work on different schedules. I heard them saying that they had gone to Narayanganj to get the hilsas directly from the fishermen.

***

She sat at the lunch table. Her eyes were closed and she seemed to be savouring the aroma of the cooked mustard hilsa with a beatific expression on her face. My brother looked on bemused. Things that parents do for their children! At that moment, I keenly felt our reversed roles. All the hassle we had been going through for the past five days seemed worth that one smile on her face. Finally, Amma was finally having her Ilish.

It has been ten months since my mother left us. It is not that I have not had hilsa since then. But I cannot help wondering how in the world am I going to eat Ilish this coming Pohela Boishakh!

by
Sohana Manzoor is Associate Professor, Department of English & Humanities, ULAB. Currently, she is also the Literary Editor of The Daily Star.

English Grammar এর বেশ কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম আছে যেগুলো থেকে প্রতিবার BANK/ BCS / IBA DU/ IBA JU/ EMBA DU / Army IBA / BUP MBA / BIBM (MBM) পরীক্ষায় প্রশ্ন করা হয় এবং প্রতি বছরই আমরা ভুল করে থাকি। এর একমাএ কারণ হলো, এই বিষয়গুলো কোন বইয়ে একসাথে সাজানো গোছানো ভাবে উপস্হাপন করা হয়নি, যার ফলে বিভিন্ন জায়গা থেকে পড়ে সেটা আর মনে রাখা বা চর্চা করা সম্ভব হয় না।

আমি এই বিষয়গুলোকে ৫ টি লেভেলে ভাগ করে পোস্ট করার চেষ্টা করব।

লেভেল ১ঃ

Rule-1: Sentence এ ( Always, often, how often, very often, never, occasionally, usually, generally, frequently, regularly, every + time( day/ week/ morning), sometimes, on mondays, twice, in summer etc.) থাকলে Present Indefinite Tense হয়।
যেমন: I) He ------- dress formally to work but he always -------.
A. has not, has B. does not have to, does C. has got to, would not D. does not require to, would
ANS: B
ii) Rabindranath's stories often ----------- surprise ending.
A. had B. have C.has D. have had
ANS:B
Rule-2:Sentence এ ( now, right now, today, this year, this week, at present, at this moment, at this very moment etc.) word গুলো থাকলে Present Continuous Tense হয়।
যেমন: He -------- a letter to his father now.
A. writes B.write C. wrote D. is writing
ANS: D
Rule-3: Sentence এ just, already, lately, recently, yet, so far, for a long time, still, since, for, till now, just now- Adverb/ Adverbial phrase গুলো থাকলে Present Perfect Tense হয়।
যেমন: He has just -------- out.
A. gone B. went C. going D. getting
ANS: A
Rule-4: Sentence এ yesterday, last+ time (night, year, week, month), ago, for a while, it is time, it is high time, wish, long since, once. etc. থাকলে Past Indefinite Tense হয়।
যেমন: Choose the correct sentence:
a. A snake bite him yesterday.
b. A snake bit him yesterday.
c. A snake bitten him yesterday.
d. A snake beat him yesterday.
ANS: B
Rule-5: Modal verbs ( may, might etc), may as well, might as well, rather than, had better, would rather, able to, used to, have to, has to, had to, will have to, ought to, am to, is to, are to, was to, were to, এদের পরে main verb এর simple form হয়।
যেমন: We --------- exchange greetings on meeting each other.
a. use to b. used c. used to d. have used to
ANS: C
Rule-6: Have, has, had, having, being, ( may, might, can, could, shall, should, will, would, + have/be), To be, ( has to be, have to be, had to be, will have to be, am to be, is to be, ought to be) - এর পর main verb এর past participle form হয়।
যেমন: He ran away because he --------- afraid.
a. had been b. might have been c.were d. was
ANS: B
কিন্তু, modal auxiliary গুলোর পর be verb থাকলে continuous tense ও হতে পারে; তবে, এক্ষেএে অবশ্যই sentence - টি Active Voice হতে হবে। যেমন: I may be ( going) to Dhaka tomorrow.
Rule-7: Since, As if/ As though - এর আগের অংশটি যদি present tense হয়, তাহলে পরের অংশটি past indefinite tense হবে ( As if/ As though - এর ক্ষেএে be verb সবসময় were হয়) এবং আগের অংশটি যদি past indefinite tense হয়, তাহলে পরের অংশটি past perfect tense হবে।
যেমন: I) It has been over three centuries ----------- Shahjahan --------- the Tajmahal.
a. ago, build b. when, has built. c. since, built d.years, dreamt
ANS: C
II) Rishan walks as if he -------- lame.
a. is b. had been c. has d. were
Rule-8: FOR/ SINCE: For এর পর সংখ্যা+ সময় ব্যবহৃত হয়। কিন্তু since এর পরে শুধু সময় উল্লেখ থাকে, সংখ্যা থাকেনা। sentence এর শেষে For অথবা Since থাকলে (verb) has been/ have been + ing ( না থাকলে, have/ has+ v.pp হবে) আবার has been/ have been+ ing থাকলে sentence এর শেষে For/ Since হবে।
যেমন: I) choose the correct sentence :
a. He has been absent from Friday.
b. He has been absent since Friday.
c. He is absent since Friday.
d. He was absent since Friday.
ANS: B
II) " Since he is living" in Dhaka for five years, he is reluctant to leave the city.
a. Since he is living
b. Being that he is living
c. Being that he has been living
d. Since he has been living
ANS: D
Rule-9: BEFORE /AFTER: Sentence এ before এর আগে এবং after এর পরে past perfect tense হয় এবং বাকি অংশটি past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন: I) He had written the book before he ---------.
a. retired b. had retired c. has retired d. will be retired
ANS: A
II) The doctor ----------- after the patient had died.
a. had come b. was come c. was coming d. came
ANS:D

Rule-10: কোন sentence এর একটি অংশ যদি Future Indefinite Tense হয়, তাহলে অন্য অংশটি present indefinite tense হবে। কারণ, একটি sentence এ দুটি অংশ future হয় না।
যেমন: When I ------- money, I will buy a dictionary.
a. may get b. may be got
c. will get d. get
ANS:D
Rule- 11: অতীতকালে দুটি কাজ একই সময়ে/ একসাথে চলছিল এমন বুঝাতে দুটি কাজই past continuous tense- এ হয়।
যেমন: Saima was reading a book --------- waiting for the bus.
a. as though b. when
c. while d. as
ANS: C
Rule-12: সাধারণত একটি sentence এ দুটি verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb টি ing যুক্ত হয়।
যেমন: choose the right sentence :
a. I hanged my shirt on the wall.
b. I saw him playing football.
c. One must do his duty.
d. He has no appetite in food.
ANS:B
Rule-13: একই sentence এ verb ও pronoun একই form এ হয়। singular হলে দুটিই ( verb ও pronoun) singular হবে আবার plural হলে দুটিই plural হবে।
যেমন: The pronoun agrees with its antecedent in ---------.
a. The family does their best to make a living.
b. The family are doing its best to make a living.
c. The family is doing their best to make a living.
d. The family does its best to make a living.
ANS:D
Rule-14: PREFER/ WOULD RATHER: Prefer এর পর দুটি verb থাকলে উভয়টি ing যুক্ত হয় এবং verb দুটির মাঝে " to" ব্যবহৃত হয়। আর would rather এরপর verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়। ( would rather..........than ; prefer...........to হয়)
যেমন: I) Many prefer donating money ---------- distributing clothes.
a. than b. but c. to d. without
ANS:C
II) The boy from the village said, "I --------- strave than beg."_ which of the following best completes the above sentence?
a. better b. rather c. would rather d. would better
ANS:C
Rule-15: FRACTION : (I) একাংশ বুঝালে (লব ১ হলে) ভগ্নাংশটি সবসময় singular হয়।
(ii) একাংশের বেশি বুঝালে ( লব ২+ হলে) ভগ্নাংশটি সবসময় plural হয়।
(iii) ভগ্নাংশের পরের subject অনুযায়ী verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমন: Three- fourths of the work --------- finished.
a. have been b. had been c. has been d. were
ANS:C
Rule-16: Lest যুক্ত sentence এ lest এর পরের clause এ subject এর পরে should / might বসে।
যেমন: He ran fast lest he -------- miss the train.
a. can b. should c. could d. has
ANS:B
Rule-17: অতীত কালে কোন কাজ কিছু সময় চলছিল এবং এমন সময় অন্য কোন কাজ হঠাৎ সংঘটিত হয়, এমন ক্ষেএে চলমান কাজটি past continuous tense হয় এবং অন্য কাজটি ( হঠাৎ সংঘটিত বা অপেক্ষাকৃত কম স্হায়ী) past indefinite tense হয়।
যেমন: Neela -------- her hand when she was cooking dinner.
a. burn b. is burning c. was burning d. burnt
ANS:D
Rule-18: Principal clause টি past tense এর হলে sub-ordinate clause টি অনুরুপ past tense এর হয়।
যেমন: That day I got up early, because I --------- guests of the house.
a. was invited b.had invited
c. have invited d. got invitation
ANS:B
★★★EXCEPTIONS:
(I) sub-ordinate clause যদি universal truth, habitual action, scientific truth ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ করে, তাহলে ( principal clause টি past tense হওয়া সও্বেও) sub-ordinate clause এর verb present form এ হবে।
(ii) sub-ordinate clause যদি than, as well as, as, as to, so well, so well as, who which দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তবে ( principal clause past tense হলেও) sub- ordinate clause টি য কোন tense হতে পারে।
(iii) ' subjunctive verb ' past form [ suggest, insist, require etc.] +that + subject+ verb in simple form.
যেমন: (I) If you intend to apply for an advertised position, --------- a professional resume.
a. it is required for attaching
b. as it is required that you to attach
c. it is required that you to attach
d. it is required that you attach
ANS:D
(II) The teacher suggested that her students ---------- experiences with ESP.
a. write a composition on their
b. to write composition about
c. be written a composition about the
d. had written any composition for his
ANS:A

লেভেল ২ঃ

Rule-19: IN CASE: in case কোন শর্ত বুঝায় না; যেখানে কাজটি কোন কিছুর উপর নির্ভর করেনা, সেখানে in case বসে আর নির্ভর করলে if বসে।
যেমন: While going to office, take your umbrella --------- it rains.
a. in case b. if c. if not d. perhaps
ANS:A
Rule-20: or, nor, but also এর পরের subject অনুযায়ী verb হয়।
যেমন: Neither rini nor sima ---------- qualified for the job.
a. are b. is c. were d. had
ANS: B
Rule-21: There/ Here শুরুতে বসলে এর পরের subject অনুযায়ী verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমন: Here --------- information that I promised you last week.
a. is the b. are the c. was the d. has been a
ANS:A
Rule-22: Company, Organization, Name of books, name of film etc. Plural মনে হলেও verb singular হবে।
যেমন: The Arabian Nights -------- still a great favourite.
a. has b. are c. is d. were
ANS:C
Rule-23: The -------------- of এর মাঝে একটি word থাকলে তা নিশ্চিত Noun হয়।
যেমন: Unless protected areas are established the Royal bengal tiger will face ----------- of extinction.
a. possible b. the possibility
c. to be possible d. possibly
ANS:B
Rule-24: It+ be verb/ as/ than এদের পরে subjective pronoun বসে।
যেমন: Find the correct sentence :
a. No other friend I have ever got is as good as he.
b. I have ever got a no other friend as good as him.
c. No other friend I have got as good as him.
d. I have never got a friend as good as he.
ANS: D
Rule-25: Let/ preposition / main verb এদের পর objective pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমন: Choose the correct sentence.
a. Let he and you be witnesses.
b. Let you and him be witnesses.
c. Let you and he be witnesses.
d. Let you and he be witness.
ANS:B
Rule-26: Adjective এর আগে the বসালে তা plural common noun এ পরিণত হয় এবং verb plural হয়।
যেমন: Choose the correct sentence.
a. The rich are not always happy.
b. Rich is not always happy.
c. The rich is not always happy.
d. The rich are not happy always.
ANS:A
Rule-27: 231/ 123: 1st, 2nd, 3rd person যদি একই sentence এ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে (231) এই নিয়ম follow করতে হবে। অর্থাৎ, [2nd + 3rd+ 1st person হবে] কিন্তু দোষ স্বীকারের ব্যপার হলে (123) এই order follow করবে।
যেমন: Choose the correct sentence.
a. I, you and he are present.
b. You, he and I are present.
c. You, he and I am present.
d. He, you and I are present.
ANS:B
Rule-28: কারণ এবং ফলাফল বুঝাতে So........that(+ sub+ verb) অথবা ( Too........ to + verb) ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমন: I) This plant is ---------- big that it should really be moved outside.
a. so b. too c. such d. very
ANS:A
ii) The tiny print on the poster is ------------ small to be read easily.
a. so b. much c. very d. too
ANS: D
Rule-29: No এর পরে noun হয় আর not এর পরে adjective হয়।
যেমন: I have --------- interest in the matter.
a. not b. any c. none d. no
ANS: D
Rule-30: AS SOON AS: Limit of time নির্দেশ করতে as soon as ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমন: In Xerox printing, the ink becomes fused to the paper as soon as -------------.
a. the paper heated.
b. the paper is heated.
c. heats the paper.
d. heating the paper.
ANS: B

Rule-31: always, often, just, usually, hardly, never, এই adverb গুলো auxiliary/ modal/ principal verb এর মাঝে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমন: Those cars --------- an accident.
a. just has b. have just had c. had just have d. just having
ANS: B

Rule-32: 'It' clause ( it is believed, it is thought etc.) গুলো subordinate clause এর আগে ব্যবহৃত হয়। I.e. ( it+ be verb+ v.pp+ that+.....)
যেমন: ----------- that life began billions of years ago in the water.
a. In the belief
b. It is believed
c. The belief
d. Believing
ANS: B

Rule-33: কোন কিছুর উচ্চতা বা দামের মাএা নির্দেশ করতে as high as ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমন: Prices for motor cycles can run ------------Tk. 150,000.
a. as high as b. as high to c. so high to d. so high as
ANS: A

Rule-34: None of এবং No এর পরবর্তী subject অনুযায়ী verb নির্ধারিত হয়।
যেমন: None of the students ------- a car.
a. has b. have c. have got d. own
ANS: C

Rule-35: Group verb এর সাথে pronoun থাকলে pronoun টি verb এর proportion এর মাঝে বসে।
যেমন: take (it) off ; put (it) off ; fill (it) in.

Courtesy - Happy Reading

Best 200 One Word Substitution List in English:

1. Audience – a number of people listening to a lecture
2. Altruist – one, who considers the happiness and well-being of others first
3. Atheist – a person who does not believe in God
4. Anthropologist – one, who studies the evolution of mankind
5. Autocracy – government by one person
6. Autobiography – the life history of a person written by himself
7. Amputate – to cut off a part of a person's body which is infected
8. Arsenal – a place for ammunition and weapons
9. Archives – a place where government or public records are kept
10. Amateur – a man who does a thing for pleasure and not as a profession
11. Aristocracy – government by the nobles
12. Aquatic – animals/plants ere which live in water
13. Amphibian – animals which live both on land and sea
14. Ambidexter – one, who can use either hand with ease
15. Alimony – allowance paid to wife on legal separation
16. Anthology – a collection of poems
17. Abdication – voluntary giving up of throne in favour of someone
18. Arbitrator – a person, appointed by two parties to solve a dispute
19. Astronomer – a person, who studies stars, planets and other heavenly bodies
20. Astrologer – a person who studies the influence of heavenly bodies on human beings
21. Anthology – a collection of poems
22. Axiom – a statement which is accepted as true without proof
23. Agenda – a list of headings of the business to be transacted at a meeting
24. Anarchist – one, who is out to destroy all governance, law and order
25. Almanac – an annual calender with positions of stars
26. Bigamy – the practice of having two wives or husbands at a time
27. Bibliophile – a lover and collector of books
28. Bouquet – a collection of flowers
29. Bureaucracy – government by the officials
30. Belligerent – a person, nation that is involved in war
31. Biennial – an event which happens once in two years
32. Blasphemy – the act of speaking disrespectfully about sacred things
33. Creche – a nursery where children are cared for while their parents are at work
34. Cosmopolitan – a person who regards whole world as his country
35. Chauffeur – one, who is employed to drive a motor car
36. Curator – a person incharge of a museum
37. Carnivorous – one, who lives on flesh
38. Cannibal – one, who feeds on human flesh
39. Contemporaries – belonging to or living at the same time
40. Cloak room – a place for luggage at railway station
41. Cynosure – centre of attraction
42. Connoisseur – a critical judge of any art and craft
43. Crusade – a religious war
44. Choreographer – one, who teaches dancing
45. Cacographist – a person, who is bad in spellings
46. Calligraphist – a person, who writes beautiful handwriting
47. Cynic – one, who sneers at the aims and beliefs of his fellow men
48. Convalescent – one, who is recovering health
49. Cavalry – soldiers, who fight on horse back
50. Cardiologist – a person, who is specialist in heart diseases
51. Cartographer – one, who draws maps
52. Dormitory – the sleeping rooms with several beds especially in a college or institution
53. Drawn – a game that results neither in victory nor in defeat
54. Elegy – a poem of lamentation
55. Epitaph – words which are inscribed on the grave or the tomb in the memory of the buried
56. Ephemeral – lasting one day
57. Effeminate – a person who is womanish
58. Emigrant – a person who leaves his own country and goes to live in another
59. Edible – fit to be eaten
60. Egotism – practice of talking too much about oneself
61. Encyclopaedia – a book that contains information on various subjects
62. Epicure – one, who is devoted to the pleasure of eating and drinking
63. Florist – one, who deals-in flowers
64. Fastidious – one, who is very -selective in one's taste
65. Fanatic or Bigot – one, who is filled with excessive and mistaken enthusiasm in religious matters
66. Fatal – causing death
67. Fatalist – one, who believes in fate
68. Facsimile – an exact copy of handwriting, printing etc
69. Fauna – the animals of a certain region
70. Flora – the plants of a particular region
71. Fratricide – murder of brother
72. Fugitive – one, who runs away from justice or the law
73. Fragile – easily broken
74. Feminist – one, who works for the welfare of the women
75. Granary – a place for grains
76. Genocide – murder of race
77. Gregarious – animals which live in flocks
78. Hangar – a place for housing aeroplanes
79. Hive – a place for bees
80. Horticulture – the art of cultivating and managing gardens
81. Homicide – murder of man
82. Hearse – a vehicle which is used to carry a dead body
83. Hedonist – one, who believes that pleasure is the chief good (sensual)
84. Horizon – a line at which the earth and the sky seem to meet
85. Honorary – holding office without any remuneration
86. Heretic – one, who acts against religion
87. Herbivorous – one, who lives on herbs
88. Insolvent/Bankrupt – a person who is unable to pay his debts
89. Inaudible – a sound that cannot be heard
90. Inaccessible – that cannot be easily approached
91. Incorrigible – incapable of being corrected
92. Irreparable – incapable of being repaired
93. Illegible – incapable of being read
94. Inevitable – incapable of being avoided
95. Impracticable – incapable of being practised
96. Immigrant – a person who comes to one country from another in order to settle there
97. Invincible – one, too strong to be overcome
98. Indelible – that cannot be erased
99. Incognito – travelling under another name than one's own
100. Indefatigable – one, who does not tire easily
101. Infallible – one, who is free from all mistakes and failures
102. Invigilator – one, who supervises in the examination hall
103. Itinerant – one, who journeys from place to place
104. Infirmary – a home or room used for ill or injured people
105. Infanticide – murder of an infant
106. Infantry – soldiers, who fight on foot
107. Inflammable – liable to catch fire easily
108. Interregnum – a period of interval between two reigns or governments
109. Kennel – a place for dogs
110. Lunatic asylum – a home for lunatics
111. Lexicographer – one, who compiles a dictionary
112. Loquacious – one, who talks continuously
113. Linguist – one, who is skilled in foreign languages
114. Lapidist – one, who cuts precious stones
115. Misanthrope – a hater of mankind
116. Misogamist – one, who hates marriage
117. Mortuary – a place, where dead bodies are kept for post mortem
118. Mercenery – working only for the sake of money
119. Matricide – murder of mother
120. Martyr – one, who dies for a noble cause
121. Maiden speech – the first speech delivered by a person
122. Mint – a place where coins are made
123. Misogynist – a hater of womankind
124. Morgue – a place, where dead bodies are kept for identification
125. Mammals – animals which give milk
126. Monogamy – the practice of marrying one at a time
127. Missionary – a person, who is sent to propagate religion
128. Numismatics – the study of coins
129. Namesake – a person having same name as another
130. Nostalgia – a strong desire to return home, home sickness
131. Novice or Tyro – one, new to anything, inexperienced
132. Narcotic – a medicine for producing sleep
133. Optimist – a person who looks at the brighter side of things
134. Orphan – one, who has lost parents
135. Omnipresent – one, who is present everywhere
136. Omnipotent – one, who is all powerful
137. Omniscient – one, who knows everything
138. Opaque – that which cannot be seen through
139. Obituary – an account in the newspaper of the funeral of the one deceased
140. Orphanage – a home for orphans
141. Obstetrician – one, who is skilled in midwifery
142. Ostler – one, who looks after horses at an inn
143. Omnivorous – one, who eats everything
144. Pessimist – a person who looks at the darker side of things
145. Potable – fit to drink
146. Post mortem – an examination of dead body
147. Philanthropist – a lover of mankind
148. Patricide – murder of father
149. Philatelist – one, who collects stamps
150. Plagiarism – literary theft or passing off an author's original work as one's own
151. Polygamy – the practice of marrying more than one wife at a time
152. Polyandry – the practice of marrying more than one husband at a time
153. Philogynist – a lover of womankind
154. Plebiscite – (a decision made by) votes of all qualified citizens
155. Philanderer – one, who amuses himself by love making
156. Philistine – one who does not care for art and literature
157. Plutocracy – government by the rich
158. Pseudonym – an imaginary name assumed by an author for disguise
159. Posthumous – a child born after the death of his father or the book published after the death of the writer
160. Panacea – a remedy for all diseases
161. Paediatrician – a person, who is specialist in child diseases
162. Platitude – ordinary remarks often repeated
163. Pedant – one, who makes a vain display of his knowledge
164. Polyglot – one, who speaks many languages
165. Paleography – the study of ancient writing
166. Posse – a number of policemen called to quell a riot
167. Parole – pledge given by a prisoner for temporary release, not to escape
168. Pedestrian – one, who goes on foot
169. Portable – that can be carried easily
170. Quarantine – an act of separation from other persons to avoid infection
171. Rhetoric – the art of elegant speech or writing
172. Regicide – murder of King or Queen
173. Sacrilege – violating or profaning religious things/places
174. Sculptor – one, who cuts in stones
175. Su***de – murder of oneself
176. Stable – a place for horses
177. Somnambulist – a person, who walks in sleep
178. Somniloquist – a person, who talks in sleep
179. Souvenir – a thing kept as a reminder of a person, place or event
180. Swan song – the last work (literary) of a writer
181. Sot, Toper – one, who is a habitual drunkard
182. Sinecure – a job with high salary but little responsibility
183. Stoic – a person, who is indifferent to pleasure and pain and has control over his passions
184. Sanatorium – a place for the sick to recover health
185. Sororicide – murder of sister
186. Triennial – an event which happens once in three years
187. Truant – a person/student who absents himself from class or duty without permission
188. Teetotaller – one, who does not take any intoxicating drink
189. Transparent – that which can be seen through
190. Theocracy – government by religious principles
191. Uxorious – one extremely fond of one's wife
192. Utopia – an imaginary perfect social and political system
193. Uxoricide – murder of wife
194. Verbatim – repetition of speech or writing word for word
195. Volunteer – one, who offers one's services
196. Virgin – a woman who has no sexual experience
197. Versatile – interested in and clever at many different things
198. Veteran – one, who has a long experience of any occupation
199. Venial – a fault that may be forgiven
200. Wardrobe – a place for clothes

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