09/02/2025
đĨSentence āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāϞā§?đĨ
=}āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϞā§āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āϤāĻžāĻā§ sentence āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§āĨ¤
=}āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻĨāĻžā§, āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϞā§āĻ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϰā§āĻĒā§ āĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻ āĻŖā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽā§āĻšāĻā§ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻŦāĻāĻžā§ āϰā§āĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
đĨIn EnglishđĨ
The sentence is known as the basic unit of English grammar. It contains a word or a group of words that expresses complete ideas, sense, feelings, or meaning and consists of a subject and a verb. Also, it may consist an object or a complement, and the words are ordered properly. A verb is a must in a sentence, and without a verb, no sentence can be formed.
Look at the examples very carefully:
Shina eats pizza.
In this sentence, Shina is the subject, eat is a verb and pizza is an object.
Rahim loves to travel.
Here, Rahim is the subject, loves is the verb and travel is an object or complement.
Similarly,
They play football.
āĻāĻāύ, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ word āĻā§āϞā§āĻā§ āĻ
āĻā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻž order maintain āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻžāĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻšāĻŦā§āύāĻžāĨ¤
āϝā§āĻŽāύāĻ Rahim loves to travel āĻā§ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž Order maintain āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠To travel loves Rahim. āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻĒāĻžā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻāĻāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āύāĻžāĨ¤
đSentence āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰāĻā§āĻĻđ
There are five categories of sentences according to their meaning and functions. These are:
1.Assertive Sentence (āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
2.Interrogative Sentence (āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
3.Imperative Sentence (āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
4.Optative Sentence (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāύāĻž āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
5.Exclamatory Sentence (āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
đ1.Assertive Sentence (āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
āϝ⧠Sentence āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŦāϰā§āύāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Assertive sentence āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
An assertive sentence is a simple statement or assertion, and it may be affirmative or negative.
You may follow a pattern like âsubject + verb + object/complement/adverbâ.
Example:
He reads the book.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ Affirmative āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāύā§, He āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ Subject, reads āĻšāϞ⧠Verb āĻāĻŦāĻ the book āĻšāĻā§āĻā§ object. ... āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻĻā§ā§āĻž pattern āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻā§āĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻā§āĻ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧠āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
We do not run in the Sun. āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ Negative sentence āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĨ¤
Everyone should read this poem. āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠should āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ Modal Auxiliary.
đ2.Interrogative Sentence (āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
āϝ⧠Sentence āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āϏ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§ āϤāĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Interrogative Sentence āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
An interrogative sentence asks any questions to get a reply to something or someone and ends with an interrogative sign (?).
One of the two following ways may form an interrogative sentence.
1. It may begin with Helping or auxiliary verbs and Modals Auxiliaries.
Auxiliary Verbs: am, is, are - was, were - have, has, had, etc.
Modals Auxiliaries: shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, etc.
Example:
Do you need some money?
Is he your Brother?
Should I call you?
May begin with âWHâ questions like who, where, when, whom, what, which, how, etc.
Example:
What is your address?
Whom do you want?
How much money do you want?
đ3.Imperative Sentence (āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
āϝ⧠Sentence āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āύ āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ, āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻļ, āύāĻŋāώā§āϧ, āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§āĻ Imperative sentence āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠Subject (you) āĻā§āĻĒāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
It expresses request, order, advice, command, and suggestion.
āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻšāĻ pattern āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻ
â(Subject (invisible) + verb + object)â
Example:
Do it quickly. (Order)
Never tell a lie. (Advice)
Please, give me a pen. (Request)
đ4.Optative Sentence (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāύāĻž āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
āϝ⧠Sentence āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻā§ Optative Sentence āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
It expresses desire, prayer, wish, etc.
A simple pattern can help you more. That is (MAY + ASSERTIVE), but at the same time you should keep in mind that an Optative sentence can be formed without âMAYâ.
āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻāĻžāĻ optative sentence āĻāĻ may āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
Example:
May Allah help you to overcome all the obstacles.
May you be happy in your future life.
Live long our president.
āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻļā§āώ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻāĻžāϞā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§āύ āϝ⧠May āĻāĻžā§āĻžāĻ Optative sentence āĻšā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻāĻž āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āϝāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āύ⧠āϝ⧠Optative sentence āĻāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠May āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤā§āĻ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
đ5.Exclamatory Sentence (āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
Exclamatory sentence āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻšāĻ āĻžā§ āĻāĻāϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻā§āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻšāϰā§āώ, āĻŦāĻŋāώāĻžāĻĻ, āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ, āĻāĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
It expresses sudden or strong feelings or emotions like surprise, anger, delight, pain, etc. It is a term of the sudden change of mind.
Sometimes, it can start with Alas, Bravo, Ah, Hurrah, What, How, etc.
An exclamatory sign is mandatory after the end of it. āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻāĻŋ (!) āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻ āĻŦāϏ⧠āĨ¤ āĻā§āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ Alas, Bravo, ah, Oh, Hurrah āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšā§ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§āϏā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻŦāϏāĻžāϤ⧠āĻšā§āĨ¤
Example:
Hurrah! Weâve won the game.
What a beautiful scene!
Alas! Youâve failed in English.
đStructure āĻ
āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠sentences āϤāĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰāĨ¤āϝāĻĨāĻž
a)Simple sentence (āϏāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
b)Complex sentence (āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
c)Compound Sentence (āϝā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ)
đa)Simple sentence (āϏāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
āϝ⧠āϏāĻāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ Subject or object āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž (finite verb) āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§āĻ Simple sentence āĻŦāĻž āϏāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
In a simple sentence, there is only one subject and one finite verb. It has only one independent clause.
Now the question is what a clause is?
A Clause is a sentence or a part of it, and it may be dependent or independent.
E.g., âHe hates meâ is a sentence, which has only one clause. âHe hates me, and I hate him tooâ is also a sentence and it has two clauses; one is âHe hates me,â and another is âI hate him too.â These two clauses are joined together by a conjunction âand.'
You may follow a simple pattern like:
Subject + Finite verb + complement
Example:
Coxâs Bazar is the largest sea-beach in the world.
She wrote an application to the principal.
Bangladesh is a developing country.
āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠subject āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻŋā§āĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
đb)Complex sentence (āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
āϝ⧠āϏāĻāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻāύā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻŦāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻāύā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻā§āĻ Complex sentence āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
It consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses or adverbial clauses.
1. Adverbial clauses come after the main clause.
His brother died when he was seven years old.
His mother died (Main clause)
When (subordinating conjunction)
He was two years old. (Adverbial clause)
If you read regularly, you will do well in the exam.
Here, âif you read regularlyâ is a subordinate clause and âyou will do well in the examâ is the main clause.
2. The best way to detect Subordinate clause is that it always begins with conjunctions like where, what, when, that, while, who, if, whether, because, whenever, whoever, whatever, wherever, though, although, till, until, unless, after, before, so that, etc.
You did not even hear what his name was.
Though he lives in America, he speaks Bengali fluently.
đc)Compound Sentence (āϝā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ):
āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻžā§, āύāĻŋāϰāĻĒā§āĻā§āώ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻ āϏāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻāĻ āĻ
āĻŦā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšā§ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻā§ Compound sentence āĻŦāĻž āϝā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§āĨ¤
It incorporates at least two principal clauses. These clauses are linked by one or more coordinating conjunctions, punctuations, or both.
Conjunctions that are used in compound sentences are and, or, but, for, not, also, thus, however, moreover, therefore, so, still, else, as well as, otherwise, accordingly, yet, not yet, but also, either or, neither nor, on the contrary, etc.
Example:
He is poor but happy.
We searched him everywhere but did not find.
Mou shouted, and all the people started to clap their hands.