Al-Amin's English & Ict Points

Adverb - An adverb describes how the action is performed. They tell how much, how often, when and where something is done.

Noun - A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are the subject of a sentence.

Common Noun - A noun that does not name a specific person, place or thing.

Proper Noun - The pronoun is a word used in place of one or more nouns. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea.

Adjective - An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. It tells what kind, how many, or which one.

Conjunction - A conjunction is a word that joins words or word groups together. Some examples conjunctions are: and, but, or, nor, although, yet, so, either, and also.

Preposition - A preposition is a word that shows position or, direction. Some examples are in, out, under, over, after, out, into, up, down, for, and between.

Homophones - Homophones are words that sound alike but they have different meanings and different spellings.

Homographs - Homographs are words that may or may not sound alike but have the same spelling but a different meaning.

Complex Sentence - A complex sentence is an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses.

Interjection - An interjection is a word that shows strong emotion. Such examples are Wow!, Ouch!, Hurray!, and Oh no!. Interjections can really liven up a sentence. They help to add voice to your writing.

#বাগধারা
আমড়া কাঠের ঢেঁকি (অপদার্থ) –
তোমাকে বললাম একটা কর্মঠ ছেলে এনে দিতে, আর তুমি এনে দিলে একটা আমড়া কাঠের ঢেঁকি।

১) ইন্দ্রিয়কে জয় করেছে যে—জিতেন্দ্রিয়।

২) ইন্দ্রকে জয় করেছে যে - ইন্দ্রজিৎ।
৩) শত্রুকে হনন করে যে = শত্রুঘ্ন।
৪) শত্রুকে দমন করে যে = অরিন্দম
৫) গোপন করার ইচ্ছা - জুগুপ্সা।
৬) জয় করার ইচ্ছা - জিগীষা।
৭) হনন করার ইচ্ছা - জিঘাংসা।

★প্রয়োজনীয় কিছু ইংরেজি বাক্য।

★It is very cold today.
আজ খুব ঠান্ডা।

★Nobody likes a naughty boy.
দুষ্ট ছেলেকে কেউ পছন্দ করে না।

★An honest person is respected everywhere.
সৎ ব্যক্তি সর্বত্র সম্মানিত।

★It is dusk now.
এখন সন্ধ্যা হয়েছে।
বাংলাদেশ দিনে দিনে উন্নতি করুক -
May Bangladesh prosper day by day.
★To err is human.
মানুষ মাত্রই ভুল।
‘চোরটি হাতে নাতে ধরা পড়ল’
The thief was caught red-handed.’

🌸 ইংরেজি Grammar এর যে Rule-গুলো সাংঘর্ষিক !!!

: 01
Live এক অদ্ভুত শব্দ । Subject-এরপর verb হিসেবে বসলে উচ্চারণ হয় Live (লিভ)
কিন্তু বাক্যের শেষে adverb হিসেবে বসলে, উচ্চারণ হয় Live(লাইভ) ।
For example:
She lives(লিভ) with us. (সে আমাদের সাথে বসবাস করে ।)
The program will broadcast live(লাইভ). (অনুষ্ঠানটি সরাসরি সম্প্রচার হবে)

: 02
“Room” মানে কক্ষ
অথচ, “no room” বলতে কোন “জায়গা না থাকা” বুঝায় ।
Example:
He entered the room. (সে রুমে প্রবেশ করেছিল ।)
There is no room in this bench. (এই বেঞ্চে কোন জায়গা নেই ।)

: 03
Country মানে “দেশ”
অথচ, article ব্যবহারের ভিন্ন অর্থ বোঝায়
A country= যেকোন অনির্দিষ্ট দেশকে বোঝায়
The country= a village (a village বা গ্রামকে বোঝায়)
For example:
The country is very fine where I went to see natural beauty.
(গ্রামটি সুন্দর যেখানে আমি প্রাকৃতিক দৃশ্য দেখতে গিয়েছিলাম । )
A country is very fine where I went to visit all small states.
(দেশটি অনেক সুন্দর যেখানে আমি সকল ছোট প্রদেশ পরিদর্শনে গিয়েছিলাম ।)

: 04
Collective noun-এরপর সাধারণত verb (singular) হয়, তবে নির্দিষ্ট কিছু collective noun এরপর verb (plural) হয় । যেমন: People, Police, Cattle
For example:
The police are investigating the case. (পুলিশ মামলাটি তদন্ত করছে।)
The cattle are grazing. (গবাদি পশু চরছে।)

: 05
Continuous Tense-এ be verb এরপর “ing” হয় ।
অথচ, Passive voice-এ be verb এরপর v3/past participle হয় ।
Example:
I am performing it properly. (আমি এটা যথাযথভাবে পালন করছি।)
It is performed properly.= (এটা যথাযথভাবে পালন হয়।) [Passive voice]

🔥 Remember!!!
যে Word-এর মাঝে শুধুমাত্র “Y”ছাড়া অন্য কোন vowel থাকেনা, সে ক্ষেত্রে “Y” হয়ে যায় vowel |
কিন্তু যে word- এর মাঝে “Y” ছাড়াও অন্য কোন vowel থাকে, সে ক্ষেত্রে “Y” হয়ে যায় Consonant |
এইজন্য “Y” কে বলা হয় বিশেষ ধরনের Vowel বা Special Vowel or Semi Vowel |
Example:
Beyond,Yes etc
Try,Cry,hymn etc.
উল্লেখ্য, “Y” যখন Vowel হয়, তখন মূলত তা “I”-এর মত উচ্চারণ হয় |

জাতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের গ্রেড, পয়েন্ট ও ক্লাস/বিভাগ পদ্ধতির হিসাব-

জিপিএ ৩.০০ বা তদুর্ধ = ১ম বিভাগ
জিপিএ ২.০০ থেকে ৩.০০ এর কম = ২য় বিভাগ
জিপিএ ১.০০ থেকে ২.০০ এর কম = ৩য় বিভাগ

৮০ বা তদুর্ধ = A+ = ৪.০০ বা ১ম বিভাগ,
৭৫ এর অধিক, ৮০ থেকে কম = A = ৩.৭৫ বা ১ম বিভাগ,
৭০ এর অধিক, ৭৫ থেকে কম = A- = ৩.৫০ বা ১ম বিভাগ,
৬৫ এর অধিক, ৭০ থেকে কম = B+ = ৩.২৫ বা ১ম বিভাগ,
৬০ এর অধিক, ৬৫ থেকে কম = B = ৩.০০ বা ১ম বিভাগ,
৫৫ এর অধিক, ৬০ থেকে কম = B- = ২.৭৫ বা ২য় বিভাগ,
৫০ এর অধিক, ৫৫ থেকে কম = C+ = ২.৫০ বা ২য় বিভাগ,
৪৫ এর অধিক, ৫০ থেকে কম = C = ২.২৫ বা ২য় বিভাগ,
৪০ এর অধিক, ৪৫ থেকে কম = D = ২.০০ বা ৩য় বিভাগ,
৪০ এর নিচে = Fail = ০.০০

উচ্চারণ:

1. Wednesday = ওয়েডনেস - ডে ( ভুল উচ্চারণ)
Wens-day = ওয়েন্স- ডেই ( সঠিক উচ্চারণ)

2. Interesting = ইন - টা - রেসটিং ( ভুল উচ্চারণ)
In - tresting = ইন - ট্রেস্টিং ( সঠিক উচ্চারণ)

3. Vegetable = ভেজিটেবল ( ভুল উচ্চারণ)
Vege - table = ভেজ - টেবল ( সঠিক উচ্চারণ)

4. Favourite = ফেভারিট ( ভুল উচ্চারণ)
Fav - rit = ফেইভ - রিট ( সঠিক উচ্চারণ)

5 . Certificate = সার্টিফিকেইট ( ভুল উচ্চারণ)
সার্টি - ফিকেট ( সঠিক উচ্চারণ)

6. Family = ফ্যামিলি ( ভুল উচ্চারণ)
Fam - li = ফ্যাম - লি ( সঠিক উচ্চারণ)

Write done....... ✍️

Complete the sentences.

Exercise-1

(a) Many people cut trees -----.

(b) Trees cause rainfall which -----.

(c) If we cut trees at random -----.

(d) Trees supply oxygen -----.

(e) Since trees help us in maû ways -----.

Answer:

(a) Many people cut trees as they do not knwo their importance.

(b) Trees cause rainfall which is needed for our cultivation.

(c) If we cut trees at random, one day our country will turn into a desert.

(d) Trees supply oxygen which we take in.

(e) Since trees help us in many ways, we should plant more and more trees.

Exercise-2

(a) If you do not waste your time -----.

(b) This is the boy who -----.

(c) -----I were a child.

(d) United we stand, -----.

(e) The boy is so weak in mathematics -----.

Answer:

(a) If you do not waste your time, you will shine in life.

(b) This is the boy who secured first place in the exam.

(c) I wish I were a child.

(d) United we stand, divided we fall.

(e)The boy is so weak in mathematics that he can never pass in mathematics in the exams.

Exercise-3

(a) United we stand, -----.

(b) It is high time we -----.

(c) Unless you are united, -----.

(d) -----know this wise saying?

(e) The story of the old man and his sons teaches us -----.

Answer:

(a) United we stand, divided we fall.

(b) It is high time we stopped quarrelling with each other.

(c) Unless you are united, you will be destroyed by your enemies.

(d) Who does not know this wise saying?

(e) The story of the old man and his sons teaches us that unity is strength.

Exercise-4

(a) No sooner had I reachd home than -----.

(b) He was so layy that -----.

(c) It is health which -----.

(d) He succeeded though -----.

(e) As our elders love us, -----.

Answer:

(a) No sooner had I reachd home than it started raining.

(b) He was so layy that he could not finish the job in time.

(c) It is health which is wealth.

(d) He succeeded though he did not work hard.

(e) As our elders love us, we should obey them.

Exercise-5

(a) ----- if he told me.

(b) The answer that he -----.

(c) Finishing the work, -----.

(d) I swa my mother -----.

(e) To walk in the morning -----.

Answer:

(a) I would be present there if he told me.

(b) The answer that he gave me was not satisfactory.

(c) Finishing the work, I went to market.

(d) I swa my mother cooking food in the kitchen.

(e) To walk in the morning is good for health.

Exercise-6

(a) As flower is a symbol of love, beauty and purity, it is -----.

(b) There is hardly aû person -----.

(c) We can turn our enemies into friends if we ---.

(d) It is said that those who do not love flowers ----.

(e) Many people cultivate flowers because ----.

Answer:

(a) As flower is a symbol of love, beauty and purity, it is loved by all.

(b) There is hardly aû person who does not like flowers.

(c) We can turn our enemies into friends if we present them flowers.

(d) It is said that those who do not love flowers can kill aûbody.

(e) Many people cultivate flowers because it is profitable.

Exercise-7

(a) Yesterday I did not get up early from bed because, -----.

(b) As soon as I got up from bed, -----.

(c) As I could not hire a rickshaw, -----.

(d) On the way to school I walked fast lest -----.

(e) If I reached late, -----.

Answer:

(a) Yesterday I did not get up early from bed because, I was ill.

(b) As soon as I got up from bed, mother told me to take breakfast.

(c) As I could not hire a rickshaw, I began to walk fast.

(d) On the way to school I walked fast lest I should miss the class.

(e) If I reached late, I would miss an important lesson.

Exercise-8

(a) We must work hard in order that -----.

(b) A man who ----- cannot shine in life.

(c) It is hard labour that -----.

(d) The idle cannot reach their target because -----.

(e) ----- unless you work hard.

Answer:

(a) We must work hard in order that we can succeed in life.

(b) A man who wastes time in idleness cannot shine in life.

(c) It is hard labour that helps a man to reach his goal.

(d) The idle cannot reach their target because they waste their valuable time.

(e) You will suffer in the long run unless you work hard.

Exercise-9

(a) There goes a proverb that -----.

(b) Though lost wealth can be regained by hard work, lost time -----.

(c) Time is so valuable that -----.

(d) Those who ----- cannot shine in life.

(e) -----, you must be successful.

Answer:

(a) There goes a proverb that time and tide wait for none.

(b) Though lost wealth can be regained by hard work, lost time can never be regained.

(c) Time is so valuable that we should not waste it.

(d) Those who idle away their time, cannot shine in life.

(e) If you make the best use of time, you must be successful.

# Changing Sentence
1.
(a) Television is one of the most wonderful invention of modern science. (Positive)

(b) It was not invented over night. (Active)

(c) Scientist spent many years and worked hard to invent television. (Complex)

(d) Almost every family has a television set. (Neg)

(e) People of all ages like to watch television. (Int)

(f) The programmers telecast by television are very interesting. (Complex)

(g) Television should telecast educative programmes. (Passive)

(h) If you watch television, you can learn many things. (Simple)

(i) People spend their free time by watching television. (Compound)

(j) Very few things are so useful as television. (Superlative)

Ans:
(a) Very few invention of modern science are as wonderful as television.

(b) Scientist did not invent it over night.

(c) Scientists spent many years and worked hard so that they could invent television.

(d) Almost there is no family but has a television set.

(e) Do not people of all ages like to watch television ?

(f) The programmers which are telecast by television are very interesting.

(g) Educative programmes should be telecasted by television.

(h) By watching television, you can learn many things.

(i) People spend their free time and watch television.

(j) Television is one of the most useful things.

Fill in the gaps with suitable words:
1.
Scientists have recently reported that (a) — ice caps are
melting. This is due to a (b) — in atmospheric
temperature known as the “Green House Effect.” (c) — to
the Scientists, the carbon dioxide is primarily (d) — for
temperature rise in the (e) — the carbon dioxide is (f) —
when coal and oil are burnt. This gas is ( g) — in the
atmosphere and (h) — temperature to rise. As a result, the
(i) — ice in the north and south poles is (j) —.

Ans: (a) polar; (b) rise; (c) according; (d) responsible; (e) atmosphere; (f) released; (g) accumulating; (h) causing; (i) surface; (j) melting.