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Today we're going to discuss another grammar point.
+ (that) + past simple: We can use 'wish' to talk about something that we would like to be different in the present or the future. It's used for things which are impossible or very unlikely.
Ex: I wish that I had a big house (I don't have a big house, but it's a nice idea!).
+ (that) + past perfect:
We can use 'wish' with the past perfect to talk about regrets from the past. These are things that have already happened, but we wish they'd happened in a different way. This use of 'wish' is very similar to the third conditional.
Ex: I wish that I had studied harder at school. (I didn't study hard at school, and now I'm sorry about it.)
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Remaining part of the Lecture 3 tenses change: 3)
Present perfect tense.
Structures
=>subject + has / have + been + third verb + by phrase.
=> subject + has / have + not + been + third verb + by phrase.
=> Has / Have + subject + been + third verb + by phrase?
Examples
voice
Ali has drunk the water.
voice
The water has been drunk by Ali.
The water has not been drunk by Ali.
Has the water been drunk by Ali?
4) Present perfect continue tense.
This tense doesn't change.
Some of the grammarians say this tense changes the same way.
For example
Active voice
They have been studying English since 2019. Passive voice
They have been studying English since 2019.
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Lecture 3: Tenses change:
1) simple present tense. Structures.
=> subject + is / am / are + third verb + by phrase.
=> subject + is / am / are + not + third verb + by phrase.
=> is / am / are + sub + third verb + by phrase? Examples:
voice
He saves refugee life.
voice
Refugee life is saved by him.
Refugee life is not saved by him.
Is refugee life saved by him?
2) Present continues tense.
Structures
= > subject is / am/ are + being + third verb + by phrase.
=> subject is / am / are + not + being third verb + by phrase.
=> is / am / are + subject + being + third verb + by phrase?
Examples:
voice
They're driving cars.
voice
Cars are being driven by them.
Cars are not being driven by them.
Are cars being driven by them?
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Second lecture:
How to change Active into Passive voice?
1) subject changes to object.
2) object changes to subject.
3) subject pronouns change to object pronouns.
4) object pronouns change to subject pronouns.
5) always have 3 forms of verb used.
6) (By) phrase is used at the end as optional.
7) transitive verbs are changed
Sub --- pro | Obj --- pro
I | Me
You | you
We | us
They | them
He | him
She | her
It | It
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Verb: Voice
Active and Passive voice
Voice is a grammatical term that is used to tell whether the subject is acting or receiving the action expressed by verb.

• Ahmad jumped over the obstacle.
• Zakir played the guitar.
• Javed sang 10 songs.

A verb is in the passive voice when the subject does not perform the action; in the words, the subject is Passive.

• The house painted by Ali.

The Active voice is the better form to use. Never use the passive voice either in speaking or writing when the active voice more natural or direct.

Passive voice: The play was written by Shakespeare.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
Active voice: Shakespeare wrote the play.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

Passive voice can be use when what was done is more important than the doer of action.

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Quiz.
William Shakespeare is a writer ___ novels are famed around the world.
1) whom
2) who
3) whose
4) none
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