It was narrated from Ibn `Abbas that:
The Prophet (ﷺ) came to Medina and saw the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them about that. They replied, "This is a good day, the day on which Allah rescued Bani Israel from their enemy. So, Moses fasted this day." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "We have more claim over Moses than you." So, the Prophet fasted on that day and ordered (the Muslims) to fast (on that day).
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ـرضى الله عنهماـ قَالَ: قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ (ﷺ) الْمَدِينَةَ، فَرَأَى الْيَهُودَ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَ "مَا هَذَا". قَالُوا: هَذَا يَوْمٌ صَالِحٌ، هَذَا يَوْمٌ نَجَّى اللَّهُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ، فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى. قَالَ " فَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ ". فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ.
It was narrated from Abu Qatadah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Fasting the day of ‘Ashura’, I hope, will expiate for the sins of the previous year"
عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ الله (ﷺ) "صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ ".
And it's better to fast a day before or a day after,
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "If I remain alive till the next year, I shall also observe fast on the ninth of Muharram."
قال رسول الله (ﷺ): "لئن بقيت إلى قابل لأصومن التاسع".
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It was narrated from Abu Qatadah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Fasting on the Day of ‘Arafah, I hope from Allah, expiates for the sins of the year before and the year after.”
روي عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ أن رَسُولُ الله (ﷺ) قال: "صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ، إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ وَالَّتِي بَعْدَهُ".
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There are no days in which good deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days (the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah)." He was asked: "O Messenger of Allah, not even Jihad in the Cause of Allah? He replied: "Not even Jihad in the Cause of Allah, except for the man who goes out in the path of Allah with his life and his wealth and returns with neither of them".
[Al- Bukhari].
عن ابن عباس -رضي الله عنهما- قال: قال رسول الله (ﷺ): "ما من أيام العمل الصالح فيها أحب إلى الله من هذه الأيام" يعني أيام العشر، قالوا: يا رسول الله ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله؟ قال: "ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله، إلا رجل خرج بنفسه، وماله فلم يرجع من ذلك بشيء".
((رواه البخاري)).
Abu Aiyub Al-Ansari (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan and then follows it with six days of Shawwal will be (rewarded) as if he had fasted the entire year."
[Muslim]
عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ -رضى الله عنه- أَنَّ رَسُولَ الله (ﷺ) قَالَ: "مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ، ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ سِتًّا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ كَانَ كَصِيَامِ اَلدَّهْرِ ".
((رواه مسلم))
Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Whosoever performs Qiyam during Lailat-ul-Qadr, with Faith and being hopeful of Allah's reward, will have his former sins forgiven."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
عن أبي هُرَيرةَ رضِيَ اللهُ عنهُ عنِ النبيِّ صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّمَ أنَّه قال: "مَن قَامَ ليلةَ القَدْرِ إيمانًا واحتسابًا، غُفِرَ له ما تَقدَّمَ من ذَنبِه"
((متفق عليه)).
Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported:
I asked: "O Messenger of Allah! If I realize Lailat-ul-Qadr, what should I supplicate in it?" He (ﷺ) replied, "You should supplicate: Allahumma innaka 'afuwwun, tuhibbul-'afwa, fa'fu 'anni (O Allah, You are Most Forgiving, and You love forgiveness; so forgive me)."
[At-Tirmidhi].
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: قلت: يا رسول الله أرأيت إن علمت أي ليلة القدر ما أقول فيها؟ قال: "قولي: اللهم إنك عفو تحب العفو فاعفُ عني"
((رواه الترمذي))
Aishah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:
When the last ten nights (of Ramadan) would begin, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would keep awake at night (for prayer and devotion), awaken his family and prepare himself to be more diligent in worship.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا دخل العشر أحيا الليل وأيقظ أهله، وشد المئزر"
((متفق عليه))
Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to strive more in worship during Ramadan than he strove in any other time of the year; and he would devote himself more (in the worship of Allah) in the last ten nights of Ramadan than he strove in earlier part of the month.
[Muslim].
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: "كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجتهد في رمضان ما لا يجتهد في غيره، وفي العشر الأواخر منه، ما لا يجتهد في غيره"
((رواه مسلم)).
Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported that The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to seclude himself (in the mosque) during the last ten nights of Ramadan. He would say, "Search for Lailat-ul-Qadr in the last ten nights of Ramadan."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يجاور في العشر الأواخر من رمضان، ويقول: "تحروا ليلة القدر في العشر الأواخر من رمضان".
((متفق عليه)).
Uthmān ibn ‘Affān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The best of you are those who learn the Qur’an and teach it to others.”
[Al-Bukhari].
عن عثمان بن عفان -رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «خَيرُكُم من تعلَّمَ القرآنَ وعلَّمَهُ».
(رواه البخاري).
Abdallah Ibn Amr said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Fasting and the Qur’an intercede for a man. Fasting says, ‘O my Lord, I have kept him away from his food and his passions by day, so accept my intercession for him.’ The Qur’an says, ‘I have kept him away from sleep by night, so accept my intercession for him.’ Then their intercession is accepted."
عبد الله بن عمرو قال: أن رسول الله (ﷺ) قال: «الصيام والقرآن يشفعان للعبد يوم القيامة، يقول الصيام: أي رب، منعته الطعام والشهوات بالنهار فشفِّعني فيه، ويقول القرآن: منعته النوم بالليل فشفعني فيه، قال: فيُشفَّعان».
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was the most generous of the men; and he was as generous as possible during the month of Ramadan. Gabriel used to visit him every night to teach him the Qur'an. When Gabriel met him, he was more generous than the fast wind in doing good."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ الله عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: "كَانَ رَسُولُ الله (ﷺ) أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ بِالْخَيْرِ، وَكَانَ أَجْوَدَ مَا يَكُونُ فِي رَمَضَان، وَكَانَ جِبْرِيلُ يَلْقَاهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَيُدَارِسُهُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَإِذَا لَقِيَهُ جِبْرِيلُ كَانَ أَجْوَدُ بِالْخَيْرِ مِنَ الرّيح الْمُرْسلَة."
(رواه البخاري ومسلم).