Econometrics Statistics for Business and Economics Online Courses

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On YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cawk_7Zufs&t=2288s

Welcome to R BOOTCAMP! This video discusses DATA TYPES IN R PROGRAMMING, like Vector, List, Matrix, Array & their Indexing. Learn R Statistics to better succeed in your statistical projects or academic papers.

Subscribe to my page to stay up to date with R, OOP PHP, Youtube growth and SEO. Let's create together!

R allows you to create many types of data storage objects, such as numbers, vectors, matrices, strings and data frames. It also lets you do programming and using various variables to store various information.

Variables are reserved memory locations to store values. You can store information of different data types:
- character
- integer
- floating point
- double floating point
- boolean

In the R programming language, variables are not declared as some data type as is common to do in many programming languages. Variables in R become R OBJECTS and the DATA TYPE of the OBJECT becomes the data type of the VARIABLE.

There are many types of objects in R:
- Vectors
- Lists
- Matrices
- Arrays
- Factors
- Data Frames

Vectors______________________________________________
When creating VECTORS with more than one element, the c() function combines the elements into a vector.

Vectors do not contain information about whether they are rows or columns but R usually assumes that they are columns. R is very flexible when stacking vertically or horizontally and everything depends on your commands.

Elements in vectors and similar data types are indexed using square brackets. R uses one-based indexing.

Lists______________________________________________
A list is made of different data objects bound together, optionally with a name given to each.
A list can contain many different types of elements inside it like vectors, functions and even other lists. Referencing a member of a list is generally done using double, not single, brackets.

Matrices and Arrays______________________________________________
A matrix is a two-dimensional object, whereas an array may be of many dimensions.
To create an array, another data type in R than a vector, we can use many atomic vectors.
Arrays can be of any number of dimensions.
The array function takes a dim attribute which creates the required number of dimensions.

Indexing______________________________________________
More generally, we can use the dim() command to know the dimensions of many R objects.

If we wish to extract or print only certain rows or columns, we can use the concatenation operator.
By pre-pending the subtraction operator, we can remove certain columns
We can use comparison operators to extract certain columns or rows.

Watch the video to find out exactly how.

ABOUT R BOOTCAMP _________________________________________________________________________
The R tutorials in here will guide you step by step through business statistics, yet they can be applied in many other domains. R is used by researchers, scholars and business men and women to analyze data and e.g. predict future profits or extract important key factors.

During the tutorials, you will also be getting access to discounts and free coupons for other professional courses in R.

You can follow along from your cell phone or your laptop, to grow your knowledge and learn something valuable.
I recommend coding along, as you will learn the most in this way.

These tutorials will teach you everything you need to know about regression models, statistical validity, data objects and how to write your own functions and program in R.

By following along, you will build your regression model from scratch to advanced levels in no time!

Every bit of code that is taught here is focused on being used in real projects, which help your understanding about business and advertising.

I will use Rstudio for the analyses, and if you don't have it, you can just go to RStudio.com, products and choose RStudio. Here, you can download it for your operating system.

COMMENTS AND REQUESTS______________________________________________
If you have any specific requests, make sure you leave a comment down below and I make sure to take it into consideration for upcoming tutorials.

Thanks for reading and watching!
Make sure to subscribe to get notified about future tutorials. 💻❤
You can also visit http://statisticsforbusiness.com or http://laviniableoca.com for more info.
Happy learning and thanks for joining in! 😀

Welcome to R BOOTCAMP! This video discusses DATA TYPES IN R PROGRAMMING, like Factors, Strings, Data Frames, Recycling of Vectors and Date-Time Objects. Learn R Statistics to better succeed in your statistical projects or academic papers.

Download the scripts by registering at http://statisticsforbusiness.com/user...

Subscribe to my channel to stay up to date with R, OOP PHP, Youtube growth and SEO. Let's create together!

R allows you to create many types of data storage objects, such as numbers, vectors, matrices, strings and data frames. It also lets you do programming and using various variables to store various information.

Factors___________________________________
Factors are the r-objects which are created using vectors.
A factor stores the vector along with the distinct values of the elements in the vector as labels.
The labels are always character irrespective of whether it is numeric or character or boolean etc. in the input vector.
They are useful in statistical modeling, since they allow for forming groups/types.
You can map, plot and sort lists and data frames with the use of factors, e.g. country names or type of coffee.

Strings______________________________
Any value written within a pair of single quote "" or double quotes in R is treated as a string.
R stores every string within double quotes, even when you create them with single quote.
The quotes at the beginning and end of a string should be both double quotes or both single quote. They can not be mixed.

Data Frames_______________________________________
Data frames are tabular data objects.
Unlike a matrix in data frame each column can contain different types of data.
The first column can be numeric while the second column can be character and third column can be logical.
It is a list of vectors of equal length.

Formatting numbers & strings - format() function___________________
If you come from a programming background like e.g. php, you are already familiar with the use of these functions
Numbers and strings can be formatted to a specific style using format() function.

Recycling of Vectors during Operations_________________________
If we apply arithmetic operations to two vectors of unequal length, then the elements of the shorter vector are recycled to complete the operations

Determining the type or class of an object________________________
We can determine the type of an object using the commands
typeof() or the class type it has(which is often more informative) by using the command class()

Dates__________________________________
A date is an object of class Date.
One can subtract one date from another yielding the number of days between them.
To convert data to dates, we use as.Date() function. This function takes as input a character string and a format. If the given vector of dates
is stored as a numeric format (like 20040327) it should be converted to a string using as.character() first. The format argument informs the code what part of the string corresponds to what part of the date.
Four digit year is %Y, two digit year is %y, numeric month is %m, alphabetic (abbreviated) month is %b, alphabetic (full) month is %B, day is %d.

Watch the video to find out exactly how.

ABOUT R BOOTCAMP _________________________________________________________________________
The R tutorials in here will guide you step by step through business statistics, yet they can be applied in many other domains. R is used by researchers, scholars and business men and women to analyze data and e.g. predict future profits or extract important key factors.

During the tutorials, you will also be getting access to discounts and free coupons for other professional courses in R.

You can follow along from your cell phone or your laptop, to grow your knowledge and learn something valuable.
I recommend coding along, as you will learn the most in this way.

These tutorials will teach you everything you need to know about regression models, statistical validity, data objects and how to write your own functions and program in R.

By following along, you will build your regression model from scratch to advanced levels in no time!

Every bit of code that is taught here is focused on being used in real projects, which help your understanding about business and advertising.

I will use RStudio for the analyses, and if you don't have it, you can just go to RStudio.com, products and choose RStudio. Here, you can download it for your operating system.

COMMENTS AND REQUESTS______________________________________________
If you have any specific requests, make sure you leave a comment down below and I make sure to take it into consideration for upcoming tutorials.

Thanks for reading and watching!
Make sure to subscribe to get notified about future tutorials. 💻❤
You can also visit http://statisticsforbusiness.com

Welcome to Bootcamp in R