Genetics and Plant Breeding

CMS and CGMS
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We have started a YouTube channel where we will be providing lectures related to agriculture. We believe that education should be accessible to all without any cost. As alumni of India's top agricultural institution, ICAR-IARI in New Delhi, we will make an effort to provide high-quality agriculture education videos. Here is the link to our YouTube channel. We will soon be uploading many more videos on agriculture education to this channel.

Pureline Theory | Agriculture | Pure Line Theory in Plant Breeding | Dr Vijay Kamal A pure line is the progeny of a single self fertilized homozygous plant.The concept of pureline was proposed by Johannsen on the basis of his studies with be...

Attention everyone! We are excited to announce the launch of a new YouTube channel focused on genetics and plant breeding. This channel is aimed at providing valuable insights and information about plant genetics and breeding techniques to all the plant breeders, geneticists, botanists, horticulturists, and gardening enthusiasts out there.

Our channel will cover a range of topics related to genetics and plant breeding, including but not limited to plant genetics, molecular breeding, marker-assisted selection, hybridization techniques, genetic engineering, plant biotechnology, and more. We will also feature interviews with experts in the field and showcase some of the latest research in plant breeding.

Our goal is to provide valuable educational content to help our viewers improve their knowledge and skills in the field of plant genetics and breeding. Whether you are a student, researcher, or simply interested in the world of plants, we hope our channel will be a valuable resource for you.

First Video will be available on June 1st 2023
Here is the link for our channel...

Dr. Vijay Kamal - YouTube This channel provide you the lectures related to the plant science.

Crops with their wild progenitors

Changes during the domestication process in crop plant

GWAS to Genome editing

Triangle of "U" (Brassica's Evolutionary Triangle)

Career opportunities at IRRI

Genetics and Plant Breeding updated their website address.

Development of synthetic hexaploid wheat (AABBDD’) in comparison to the emulating evolution of the hexaploid wheat (AABBDD).
Source: Nature's Scientific Report (https://rdcu.be/b72DH)

The barnase-barstar transgene based hybrid seed production technology has been commercially deployed in crops like Brassica napus. The system utilizes the expression of barnase gene, encoding cytotoxic RNase protein in the tapetum cells to make one of the combiner's male sterile.

Genetic use restriction technology (GURT), also known as terminator technology or su***de seeds, is the name given to proposed methods for restricting the use of genetically modified plants by activating some genes only in response to certain stimuli, especially to cause second generation seeds to be infertile

Evolutionary insights into plant breeding

Down the Rabbit Hole: The Hidden World of Gene Regulation Within the Nucleus | Plantae Lee and Bailey-Serres uncover multiple aspects of nuclear and whole-cell epigenetic and post-transcriptional gene regulation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00463 By T. A.

Watch this shy plant engage in some ‘self-love’ when it can’t find any pollinators New form of self-fertilization caught on video for the first time

🍚 Comparative transcriptomics approach in elucidation of carotenoid biosynthesis regulation in grains of rice (Chettry et al., 2019): http://bit.ly/TranscriptomicsRiceGrains_OA

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Polyclonal Vs Monoclonal Vs Recombinant Antibodies: What’s the Difference? Almost all biomedical research scientists use antibodies at some point. Knowing how they were generated is critical in the selection of antibodies for your experiments. Read on to find out more.

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Traditional plant breeding, marker-assisted selection and CRISPR-Cas9: Selecting for the plants of the future: http://bit.ly/PlantBreedingArticle

Written by Laura Ortega from the University of Arkansas, an ASPB Conviron Scholar.

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Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.15488

Tansley review by Nicholas Smirnoff and Dominique Arnaud

Know your monocots and dicots! This handy cheat sheet can help you sort it all out. Source: amoebasisters.com

The Bar phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster results from an X-linked duplication.
(a) Wild-type fruit flies have normal size eyes.
(b) Flies heterozygous and
(c) homozygous for the Bar mutation have smaller, bar-shaped eyes.
(d) Flies with double Bar have three copies of the duplication and much smaller bar shaped eyes

Wheat Genome Sequencing Achievements and future hotspots for wheat improvement: positional cloning, ‘omics approaches, combining forward and reverse genetics, and epigenetics

Hybridisations events involved in the evolution of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum. The 'X2' refers to the doubling of the chromosome complement which gives rise in fertile hybrids

The haplotype network for human mtDNA haplotype groups drawn onto a world map. The ancestral L haplotype group appears in Africa, and the derived groups (A, B, and so on) are dispersed throughout the world.
[source- www.mitomap.org.]

Bt Brinjal:
1.Transgenic brinjals (also known as an eggplant or aubergine) created by inserting a crystal protein gene (Cry1Ac) from Bacillus thuringiensis into genome of brinjal.
2. The cry1Ac gene is under the transcriptional control of an enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter, which ensures the gene is expressed in all the brinjal's tissue throughout its complete life cycle.
3.NptII and aad are selectable marker genes, nptII is used to identify transgenic plants from non-transgenic, and aad is used to identify the transformed bacteria used during the development of the construct
4. In India, the first agreement to develop Bt Brinjal was signed in 2005, between India’s leading seed company, Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company, better known as Mahyco, and two agricultural universities - University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (UAS) and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) in Coimbatore.
5. The GEAC cleared Bt brinjal for commercialization on 14 October 2009. Following concerns raised by some scientists, farmers and anti-GMO activists, the government of India officially announced on 9 February 2010 that it needed more time before releasing Bt brinjal, with Indian Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh saying that there is no overriding urgency to introduce Bt brinjal in India.

Ohno hypothesis :
1. The unique regulatory features of the X chromosomes dictate the evolutionary conservation of the primordial X-linkage group among mammals.
2. Any translocation between the X chromosome and an autosome would disturb the dosage compensation mechanism, and therefore offspring bearing such a translocation would be eliminated.
3. Therefore, if any gene is found to be sex-linked in a given species, such as Homo sapiens, it is likely to be X-linked in all other mammals.

Genetically Modified Maize:
1.Corn varieties resistant to glyphosate herbicides were first commercialized in 1996 by Monsanto, and are known as "Roundup Ready Corn"
2.BT Corn: When a vulnerable insect eats the Bt-containing plant, the protein is activated in its gut, which is alkaline. i.e European corn borer and corn earworm.
3.GM sweet corn varieties: Insect-resistant sweet corn developed by Syngenta[19] and Performance Series™ insect-resistant sweet corn developed by Monsanto.
4.Drought resistance maize: In 2013 Monsanto launched the first transgenic drought tolerance trait in a line of corn hybrids called DroughtGard

Flavr Savr:
1.Also known as CGN-89564-2,
2.A genetically modified tomato was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption.
3. It was produced by the Californian company Calgene in 1992
4. Through genetic engineering, Calgene hoped to slow down the ripening process of the tomato.
5.The tomato was made more resistant to rotting by adding an antisense gene which interferes with the production of the enzyme polygalacturonase.